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Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations
Only four species, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, together account for about 90% of all Candida bloodstream infections and are among the most common causes of invasive fungal infections of humans. However, virulence potential varies among these species, and the ph...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542370/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02435-20 |
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author | Kämmer, Philipp McNamara, Sylvie Wolf, Thomas Conrad, Theresia Allert, Stefanie Gerwien, Franziska Hünniger, Kerstin Kurzai, Oliver Guthke, Reinhard Hube, Bernhard Linde, Jörg Brunke, Sascha |
author_facet | Kämmer, Philipp McNamara, Sylvie Wolf, Thomas Conrad, Theresia Allert, Stefanie Gerwien, Franziska Hünniger, Kerstin Kurzai, Oliver Guthke, Reinhard Hube, Bernhard Linde, Jörg Brunke, Sascha |
author_sort | Kämmer, Philipp |
collection | PubMed |
description | Only four species, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, together account for about 90% of all Candida bloodstream infections and are among the most common causes of invasive fungal infections of humans. However, virulence potential varies among these species, and the phylogenetic tree reveals that their pathogenicity may have emerged several times independently during evolution. We therefore tested these four species in a human whole-blood infection model to determine, via comprehensive dual-species RNA-sequencing analyses, which fungal infection strategies are conserved and which are recent evolutionary developments. The ex vivo infection progressed from initial immune cell interactions to nearly complete killing of all fungal cells. During the course of infection, we characterized important parameters of pathogen-host interactions, such as fungal survival, types of interacting immune cells, and cytokine release. On the transcriptional level, we obtained a predominantly uniform and species-independent human response governed by a strong upregulation of proinflammatory processes, which was downregulated at later time points after most of the fungal cells were killed. In stark contrast, we observed that the different fungal species pursued predominantly individual strategies and showed significantly different global transcriptome patterns. Among other findings, our functional analyses revealed that the fungal species relied on different metabolic pathways and virulence factors to survive the host-imposed stress. These data show that adaptation of Candida species as a response to the host is not a phylogenetic trait, but rather has likely evolved independently as a prerequisite to cause human infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7542370 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75423702020-10-19 Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations Kämmer, Philipp McNamara, Sylvie Wolf, Thomas Conrad, Theresia Allert, Stefanie Gerwien, Franziska Hünniger, Kerstin Kurzai, Oliver Guthke, Reinhard Hube, Bernhard Linde, Jörg Brunke, Sascha mBio Research Article Only four species, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, together account for about 90% of all Candida bloodstream infections and are among the most common causes of invasive fungal infections of humans. However, virulence potential varies among these species, and the phylogenetic tree reveals that their pathogenicity may have emerged several times independently during evolution. We therefore tested these four species in a human whole-blood infection model to determine, via comprehensive dual-species RNA-sequencing analyses, which fungal infection strategies are conserved and which are recent evolutionary developments. The ex vivo infection progressed from initial immune cell interactions to nearly complete killing of all fungal cells. During the course of infection, we characterized important parameters of pathogen-host interactions, such as fungal survival, types of interacting immune cells, and cytokine release. On the transcriptional level, we obtained a predominantly uniform and species-independent human response governed by a strong upregulation of proinflammatory processes, which was downregulated at later time points after most of the fungal cells were killed. In stark contrast, we observed that the different fungal species pursued predominantly individual strategies and showed significantly different global transcriptome patterns. Among other findings, our functional analyses revealed that the fungal species relied on different metabolic pathways and virulence factors to survive the host-imposed stress. These data show that adaptation of Candida species as a response to the host is not a phylogenetic trait, but rather has likely evolved independently as a prerequisite to cause human infections. American Society for Microbiology 2020-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7542370/ /pubmed/33024045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02435-20 Text en Copyright © 2020 Kämmer et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kämmer, Philipp McNamara, Sylvie Wolf, Thomas Conrad, Theresia Allert, Stefanie Gerwien, Franziska Hünniger, Kerstin Kurzai, Oliver Guthke, Reinhard Hube, Bernhard Linde, Jörg Brunke, Sascha Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations |
title | Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations |
title_full | Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations |
title_fullStr | Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations |
title_full_unstemmed | Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations |
title_short | Survival Strategies of Pathogenic Candida Species in Human Blood Show Independent and Specific Adaptations |
title_sort | survival strategies of pathogenic candida species in human blood show independent and specific adaptations |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542370/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02435-20 |
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