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COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as an epidemic in Wuhan in 2019, and has since become a pandemic. Groups from China identified and sequenced the virus responsible for COVID-19, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and determined that it was a novel coronavi...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33038433 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031 |
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author | Asselah, Tarik Durantel, David Pasmant, Eric Lau, George Schinazi, Raymond F. |
author_facet | Asselah, Tarik Durantel, David Pasmant, Eric Lau, George Schinazi, Raymond F. |
author_sort | Asselah, Tarik |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as an epidemic in Wuhan in 2019, and has since become a pandemic. Groups from China identified and sequenced the virus responsible for COVID-19, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and determined that it was a novel coronavirus sharing high sequence identity with bat- and pangolin-derived SARS-like coronaviruses, suggesting a zoonotic origin. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridae family of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect a broad range of vertebrates. The rapid release of the sequence of the virus has enabled the development of diagnostic tools. Additionally, serological tests can now identify individuals who have been infected. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a fatality rate of around 1–3%, which is commonly linked to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), likely resulting from uncontrolled immune activation, the so called “cytokine storm”. Risk factors for mortality include advanced age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Drug repurposing has been used to rapidly identify potential treatments for COVID-19, which could move quickly to phase III. Better knowledge of the virus and its enzymes will aid the development of more potent and specific direct-acting antivirals. In the long term, a vaccine to prevent infection is crucial; however, even if successful, it might not be available before 2021-22. To date, except for intravenous remdesivir and dexamethasone, which have modest effects in moderate to severe COVID-19, no strong clinical evidence supports the efficacy of any other drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to provide insights on the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, its virology, diagnostic tools, and the ongoing drug discovery effort. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7543767 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75437672020-10-09 COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development Asselah, Tarik Durantel, David Pasmant, Eric Lau, George Schinazi, Raymond F. J Hepatol Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as an epidemic in Wuhan in 2019, and has since become a pandemic. Groups from China identified and sequenced the virus responsible for COVID-19, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and determined that it was a novel coronavirus sharing high sequence identity with bat- and pangolin-derived SARS-like coronaviruses, suggesting a zoonotic origin. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridae family of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect a broad range of vertebrates. The rapid release of the sequence of the virus has enabled the development of diagnostic tools. Additionally, serological tests can now identify individuals who have been infected. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a fatality rate of around 1–3%, which is commonly linked to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), likely resulting from uncontrolled immune activation, the so called “cytokine storm”. Risk factors for mortality include advanced age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Drug repurposing has been used to rapidly identify potential treatments for COVID-19, which could move quickly to phase III. Better knowledge of the virus and its enzymes will aid the development of more potent and specific direct-acting antivirals. In the long term, a vaccine to prevent infection is crucial; however, even if successful, it might not be available before 2021-22. To date, except for intravenous remdesivir and dexamethasone, which have modest effects in moderate to severe COVID-19, no strong clinical evidence supports the efficacy of any other drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to provide insights on the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, its virology, diagnostic tools, and the ongoing drug discovery effort. European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2021-01 2020-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7543767/ /pubmed/33038433 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031 Text en © 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Review Asselah, Tarik Durantel, David Pasmant, Eric Lau, George Schinazi, Raymond F. COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
title | COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
title_full | COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
title_fullStr | COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
title_short | COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
title_sort | covid-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33038433 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031 |
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