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Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an influential yet controversial agricultural plant with a very long and prominent history of recreational, medicinal, and industrial usages. Given the importance of this species, we deepened some of the main challenges—along with potential solutions—behind the breed...

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Autores principales: Barcaccia, Gianni, Palumbo, Fabio, Scariolo, Francesco, Vannozzi, Alessandro, Borin, Marcello, Bona, Stefano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7546024/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101342
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.573299
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author Barcaccia, Gianni
Palumbo, Fabio
Scariolo, Francesco
Vannozzi, Alessandro
Borin, Marcello
Bona, Stefano
author_facet Barcaccia, Gianni
Palumbo, Fabio
Scariolo, Francesco
Vannozzi, Alessandro
Borin, Marcello
Bona, Stefano
author_sort Barcaccia, Gianni
collection PubMed
description Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an influential yet controversial agricultural plant with a very long and prominent history of recreational, medicinal, and industrial usages. Given the importance of this species, we deepened some of the main challenges—along with potential solutions—behind the breeding of new cannabis cultivars. One of the main issues that should be fixed before starting new breeding programs is the uncertain taxonomic classification of the two main taxa (e.g., indica and sativa) of the Cannabis genus. We tried therefore to examine this topic from a molecular perspective through the use of DNA barcoding. Our findings seem to support a unique species system (C. sativa) based on two subspecies: C. sativa subsp. sativa and C. sativa subsp. indica. The second key issue in a breeding program is related to the dioecy behavior of this species and to the comprehension of those molecular mechanisms underlying flower development, the main cannabis product. Given the role of MADS box genes in flower identity, we analyzed and reorganized all the genomic and transcriptomic data available for homeotic genes, trying to decipher the applicability of the ABCDE model in Cannabis. Finally, reviewing the limits of the conventional breeding methods traditionally applied for developing new varieties, we proposed a new breeding scheme for the constitution of F(1) hybrids, without ignoring the indisputable contribution offered by genomics. In this sense, in parallel, we resumed the main advances in the genomic field of this species and, ascertained the lack of a robust set of SNP markers, provided a discriminant and polymorphic panel of SSR markers as a valuable tool for future marker assisted breeding programs.
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spelling pubmed-75460242020-10-22 Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars Barcaccia, Gianni Palumbo, Fabio Scariolo, Francesco Vannozzi, Alessandro Borin, Marcello Bona, Stefano Front Plant Sci Plant Science Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an influential yet controversial agricultural plant with a very long and prominent history of recreational, medicinal, and industrial usages. Given the importance of this species, we deepened some of the main challenges—along with potential solutions—behind the breeding of new cannabis cultivars. One of the main issues that should be fixed before starting new breeding programs is the uncertain taxonomic classification of the two main taxa (e.g., indica and sativa) of the Cannabis genus. We tried therefore to examine this topic from a molecular perspective through the use of DNA barcoding. Our findings seem to support a unique species system (C. sativa) based on two subspecies: C. sativa subsp. sativa and C. sativa subsp. indica. The second key issue in a breeding program is related to the dioecy behavior of this species and to the comprehension of those molecular mechanisms underlying flower development, the main cannabis product. Given the role of MADS box genes in flower identity, we analyzed and reorganized all the genomic and transcriptomic data available for homeotic genes, trying to decipher the applicability of the ABCDE model in Cannabis. Finally, reviewing the limits of the conventional breeding methods traditionally applied for developing new varieties, we proposed a new breeding scheme for the constitution of F(1) hybrids, without ignoring the indisputable contribution offered by genomics. In this sense, in parallel, we resumed the main advances in the genomic field of this species and, ascertained the lack of a robust set of SNP markers, provided a discriminant and polymorphic panel of SSR markers as a valuable tool for future marker assisted breeding programs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7546024/ /pubmed/33101342 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.573299 Text en Copyright © 2020 Barcaccia, Palumbo, Scariolo, Vannozzi, Borin and Bona http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Barcaccia, Gianni
Palumbo, Fabio
Scariolo, Francesco
Vannozzi, Alessandro
Borin, Marcello
Bona, Stefano
Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars
title Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars
title_full Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars
title_fullStr Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars
title_full_unstemmed Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars
title_short Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars
title_sort potentials and challenges of genomics for breeding cannabis cultivars
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7546024/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101342
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.573299
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