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Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review
Background: The way the death of a person is communicated can have a profound impact on the bereavement process. The words and expressions that are used to give the tragic news, the characteristics of who communicates it, the physical setting in which the notification is given, the means used (e.g.,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7546769/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101106 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02229 |
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author | De Leo, Diego Zammarrelli, Josephine Viecelli Giannotti, Andrea Donna, Stefania Bertini, Simone Santini, Anna Anile, Cristina |
author_facet | De Leo, Diego Zammarrelli, Josephine Viecelli Giannotti, Andrea Donna, Stefania Bertini, Simone Santini, Anna Anile, Cristina |
author_sort | De Leo, Diego |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The way the death of a person is communicated can have a profound impact on the bereavement process. The words and expressions that are used to give the tragic news, the characteristics of who communicates it, the physical setting in which the notification is given, the means used (e.g., in person, via phone call, etc.) are just some of the factors that can influence the way survivors face one of the most difficult moments in their lives. Aim: To review the literature on the topic of death notification to verify the state of the art related to this important procedure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted with PRISMA criteria on English-written materials produced from 1966 to 2019. Results: Out of the initial 3,166 titles considered, 60 articles were extracted for this review. A content analysis has revealed four main areas of interest: (1) protocols and guidelines; (2) emotional reactions of recipients and notifiers; (3) professional figures involved in the notification process; and, (4) types of death. Discussion: The communication of death represents a complex and stressful experience not only for those who receive it but also for those who give it. Alongside the acquisition of a necessary technique and execution methods, the process should involve the selection of notifiers based on personality characteristics and communication styles. Conclusion: Indications for the need of better training and protocols sensitive to different circumstances emerge. Adequate preparation can positively influence the quality of communication and the effects it produces, both on recipients and notifiers. In vocational training, more space should be devoted to this demanding task. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7546769 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75467692020-10-22 Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review De Leo, Diego Zammarrelli, Josephine Viecelli Giannotti, Andrea Donna, Stefania Bertini, Simone Santini, Anna Anile, Cristina Front Psychol Psychology Background: The way the death of a person is communicated can have a profound impact on the bereavement process. The words and expressions that are used to give the tragic news, the characteristics of who communicates it, the physical setting in which the notification is given, the means used (e.g., in person, via phone call, etc.) are just some of the factors that can influence the way survivors face one of the most difficult moments in their lives. Aim: To review the literature on the topic of death notification to verify the state of the art related to this important procedure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted with PRISMA criteria on English-written materials produced from 1966 to 2019. Results: Out of the initial 3,166 titles considered, 60 articles were extracted for this review. A content analysis has revealed four main areas of interest: (1) protocols and guidelines; (2) emotional reactions of recipients and notifiers; (3) professional figures involved in the notification process; and, (4) types of death. Discussion: The communication of death represents a complex and stressful experience not only for those who receive it but also for those who give it. Alongside the acquisition of a necessary technique and execution methods, the process should involve the selection of notifiers based on personality characteristics and communication styles. Conclusion: Indications for the need of better training and protocols sensitive to different circumstances emerge. Adequate preparation can positively influence the quality of communication and the effects it produces, both on recipients and notifiers. In vocational training, more space should be devoted to this demanding task. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7546769/ /pubmed/33101106 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02229 Text en Copyright © 2020 De Leo, Zammarrelli, Viecelli Giannotti, Donna, Bertini, Santini and Anile. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology De Leo, Diego Zammarrelli, Josephine Viecelli Giannotti, Andrea Donna, Stefania Bertini, Simone Santini, Anna Anile, Cristina Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review |
title | Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Notification of Unexpected, Violent and Traumatic Death: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | notification of unexpected, violent and traumatic death: a systematic review |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7546769/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101106 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02229 |
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