Promoting osteoblasts responses in vitro and improving osteointegration in vivo through bioactive coating of nanosilicon nitride on polyetheretherketone

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the bioactivity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) while maintain its mechanical strengths. METHODS: Suspension coating and melt bonding. RESULTS: Silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4), SN) coating lead to higher surface roughness, hydrophilicity and protein absorption; SN coating could slowly release Si ion into simulated body fluid (SBF), which caused weak alkaline of micro-environment owing to the slight dissolution of SN; SN coating resulted in the improvements of adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and gene expressions of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro; SN coating of PEEK with bioactive SN coating (CSNPK) obviously promoted bone regeneration and osseointegration in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: CSNPK with SN coating as bone implant might be a promising candidate for orthopedic implants. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE: The silicon nitride-coated polyetheretherketone (CSNPK) prepared in this article could induce MC3T3-E1 cells adhesion, proliferation and differentiation in vitro; it could also induce bone regeneration in bone defect in vivo, which indicate its good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. If the raw materials are medical grade, and preparation process as well as production process of this article are further improved, it will have great translational potential.