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Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a rich nutritious fruit crop owing to a markedly higher content of vitamin C and minerals. To promote fruit set and to increase the yield of kiwifruit, forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been widely applied. However, the molecular details regarding CPPU controlling kiwifru...

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Autores principales: Wu, Lin, Lan, Jianbin, Xiang, Xiaoxue, Xiang, Haiyang, Jin, Zhao, Khan, Sadia, Liu, Yiqing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7549808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044982
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240355
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author Wu, Lin
Lan, Jianbin
Xiang, Xiaoxue
Xiang, Haiyang
Jin, Zhao
Khan, Sadia
Liu, Yiqing
author_facet Wu, Lin
Lan, Jianbin
Xiang, Xiaoxue
Xiang, Haiyang
Jin, Zhao
Khan, Sadia
Liu, Yiqing
author_sort Wu, Lin
collection PubMed
description Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a rich nutritious fruit crop owing to a markedly higher content of vitamin C and minerals. To promote fruit set and to increase the yield of kiwifruit, forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been widely applied. However, the molecular details regarding CPPU controlling kiwifruit development, especially at the fastest fruit growth stage, remain unknown. In the present study, we measured the effect of CPPU on developmental regulation in red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’). Additionally, a cytological analysis was performed to clarify the precise changes in the cell structure of the CPPU-treated kiwifruits. Moreover, the concentration of endogenous phytohormones, including indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellic acid 3 (GA(3)), and abscisic acid (ABA), were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Furthermore, RNA-Seq was performed to dissect the complicated molecular mechanisms, with a focus on biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling compounds, such as endogenous hormones, sugars, and L-ascorbic acid. Our results demonstrated that CPPU treatment not only regulates the size and weight of a single fruit but also improves the quality in ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit through the accumulation of both soluble sugar and vitamin C. It was also seen that CPPU regulates kiwifruit development by enhancing cell expansion of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells, while, promoting cell division of subepidermal cells. Additionally, CPPU significantly increased the gibberellin and cytokinin biosynthetic pathway and signaling, while repressing auxin and ABA biosynthetic pathway; thus, signaling plays an essential role in CPPU controlling kiwifruit development. Notably, transcriptomic analysis revealed that a total of 2244 genes, including 352 unannotated genes, were differentially expressed in kiwifruits because of CPPU treatment, including 127 transcription factors. These genes are mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Overall, our results highlight that CPPU regulation of kiwifruit development is mainly associated with an antagonistic and/or synergistic regulatory role of endogenous phytohormones, and enhancing the energy supply. This provides new insights into the molecular details of CPPU controlling kiwifruit development at the fastest fruit growth stage, which is of agricultural importance for kiwifruit breeding and crop improvement.
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spelling pubmed-75498082020-10-20 Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) Wu, Lin Lan, Jianbin Xiang, Xiaoxue Xiang, Haiyang Jin, Zhao Khan, Sadia Liu, Yiqing PLoS One Research Article Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a rich nutritious fruit crop owing to a markedly higher content of vitamin C and minerals. To promote fruit set and to increase the yield of kiwifruit, forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been widely applied. However, the molecular details regarding CPPU controlling kiwifruit development, especially at the fastest fruit growth stage, remain unknown. In the present study, we measured the effect of CPPU on developmental regulation in red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’). Additionally, a cytological analysis was performed to clarify the precise changes in the cell structure of the CPPU-treated kiwifruits. Moreover, the concentration of endogenous phytohormones, including indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellic acid 3 (GA(3)), and abscisic acid (ABA), were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Furthermore, RNA-Seq was performed to dissect the complicated molecular mechanisms, with a focus on biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling compounds, such as endogenous hormones, sugars, and L-ascorbic acid. Our results demonstrated that CPPU treatment not only regulates the size and weight of a single fruit but also improves the quality in ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit through the accumulation of both soluble sugar and vitamin C. It was also seen that CPPU regulates kiwifruit development by enhancing cell expansion of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells, while, promoting cell division of subepidermal cells. Additionally, CPPU significantly increased the gibberellin and cytokinin biosynthetic pathway and signaling, while repressing auxin and ABA biosynthetic pathway; thus, signaling plays an essential role in CPPU controlling kiwifruit development. Notably, transcriptomic analysis revealed that a total of 2244 genes, including 352 unannotated genes, were differentially expressed in kiwifruits because of CPPU treatment, including 127 transcription factors. These genes are mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Overall, our results highlight that CPPU regulation of kiwifruit development is mainly associated with an antagonistic and/or synergistic regulatory role of endogenous phytohormones, and enhancing the energy supply. This provides new insights into the molecular details of CPPU controlling kiwifruit development at the fastest fruit growth stage, which is of agricultural importance for kiwifruit breeding and crop improvement. Public Library of Science 2020-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7549808/ /pubmed/33044982 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240355 Text en © 2020 Wu et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wu, Lin
Lan, Jianbin
Xiang, Xiaoxue
Xiang, Haiyang
Jin, Zhao
Khan, Sadia
Liu, Yiqing
Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
title Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
title_full Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
title_fullStr Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
title_short Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
title_sort transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in cppu controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7549808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044982
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240355
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