Ist eine Delegation ärztlicher Leistungen auf rheumatologische Fachassistenten bei der Evaluierung von Patienten mit Verdacht auf ankylosierende Spondylitis möglich? – Ergebnisse der PredAS-Studie

BACKGROUND: The often slow onset of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the initially partially unspecific symptoms (back pain) and the scarcity of resources in rheumatological care are important factors leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment of these mostly young patients in Germany. Qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology might improve quality of care by providing medical services delegated by the rheumatologists. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate whether qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology can interpret anamnestic and clinical findings such as rheumatologists in patients with chronic low back pain and still unclear diagnosis using a structured questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the multicenter PredAS study a structured anamnestic questionnaire was applied independently by qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology and rheumatologists to patients referred to rheumatology practices with the leading symptom of low back pain. The questionnaire covered basic demographic data, medical history and patient reported outcomes. Additionally, measurements of physical function using the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI) and spinal mobility using the Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI) were standardized. In order to test the possible facilitation by using digital media, the results of two patient groups were separately documented on paper-based report forms and on an i‑pad. Concordance between documentation by qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology and rheumatologists was studied by calculating Cohen’s kappa, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and percentage agreement on an individual patient level. RESULTS: Nearly 75% of the 141 patients with chronic low back pain were identified as having the characteristics of inflammatory back pain. The concordance of the documentation for the anamnesis of back pain by qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology and physicians was higher than for the localization of the back pain. The results for the BASMI showed no differences between qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology and physicians (ICC 0.925, 95 % confidence interval, CI 0.879–0.953). The time taken for the structured documentation was 20 ± 6.7 min for physicians and 28.5 ± 13 min for qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that well-trained qualified nurses specialized in rheumatology have a high potential to take over some of the workload from rheumatologists during documentation of the anamnesis and the initial physical examination in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.