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Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes
Breakfast is often described as “the most important meal of the day” and human studies have revealed that post-prandial responses are dependent on meal timing, but little is known of the effects of meal timing per se on human circadian rhythms. We evaluated the effects of skipping breakfast for 6 da...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092797 |
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author | Ogata, Hitomi Horie, Masaki Kayaba, Momoko Tanaka, Yoshiaki Ando, Akira Park, Insung Zhang, Simeng Yajima, Katsuhiko Shoda, Jun-ichi Omi, Naomi Kaneko, Miki Kiyono, Ken Satoh, Makoto Tokuyama, Kumpei |
author_facet | Ogata, Hitomi Horie, Masaki Kayaba, Momoko Tanaka, Yoshiaki Ando, Akira Park, Insung Zhang, Simeng Yajima, Katsuhiko Shoda, Jun-ichi Omi, Naomi Kaneko, Miki Kiyono, Ken Satoh, Makoto Tokuyama, Kumpei |
author_sort | Ogata, Hitomi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Breakfast is often described as “the most important meal of the day” and human studies have revealed that post-prandial responses are dependent on meal timing, but little is known of the effects of meal timing per se on human circadian rhythms. We evaluated the effects of skipping breakfast for 6 days on core body temperature, dim light melatonin onset, heart rate variability, and clock gene expression in 10 healthy young men, with a repeated-measures design. Subjects were provided an isocaloric diet three times daily (3M) or two times daily (2M, i.e., breakfast skipping condition) over 6 days. Compared with the 3M condition, the diurnal rhythm of the core body temperature in the 2M condition was delayed by 42.0 ± 16.2 min (p = 0.038). On the other hand, dim light melatonin onset, heart rate variability, and clock gene expression were not affected in the 2M condition. Skipping breakfast for 6 days caused a phase delay in the core body temperature in healthy young men, even though the sleep–wake cycle remained unchanged. Chronic effects of skipping breakfast on circadian rhythms remain to be studied. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7551061 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75510612020-10-16 Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes Ogata, Hitomi Horie, Masaki Kayaba, Momoko Tanaka, Yoshiaki Ando, Akira Park, Insung Zhang, Simeng Yajima, Katsuhiko Shoda, Jun-ichi Omi, Naomi Kaneko, Miki Kiyono, Ken Satoh, Makoto Tokuyama, Kumpei Nutrients Article Breakfast is often described as “the most important meal of the day” and human studies have revealed that post-prandial responses are dependent on meal timing, but little is known of the effects of meal timing per se on human circadian rhythms. We evaluated the effects of skipping breakfast for 6 days on core body temperature, dim light melatonin onset, heart rate variability, and clock gene expression in 10 healthy young men, with a repeated-measures design. Subjects were provided an isocaloric diet three times daily (3M) or two times daily (2M, i.e., breakfast skipping condition) over 6 days. Compared with the 3M condition, the diurnal rhythm of the core body temperature in the 2M condition was delayed by 42.0 ± 16.2 min (p = 0.038). On the other hand, dim light melatonin onset, heart rate variability, and clock gene expression were not affected in the 2M condition. Skipping breakfast for 6 days caused a phase delay in the core body temperature in healthy young men, even though the sleep–wake cycle remained unchanged. Chronic effects of skipping breakfast on circadian rhythms remain to be studied. MDPI 2020-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7551061/ /pubmed/32932677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092797 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ogata, Hitomi Horie, Masaki Kayaba, Momoko Tanaka, Yoshiaki Ando, Akira Park, Insung Zhang, Simeng Yajima, Katsuhiko Shoda, Jun-ichi Omi, Naomi Kaneko, Miki Kiyono, Ken Satoh, Makoto Tokuyama, Kumpei Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes |
title | Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes |
title_full | Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes |
title_fullStr | Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes |
title_short | Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes |
title_sort | skipping breakfast for 6 days delayed the circadian rhythm of the body temperature without altering clock gene expression in human leukocytes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932677 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092797 |
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