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Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs

The nuclear export of cellular mRNAs is a complex process that requires the orchestrated participation of many proteins that are recruited during the early steps of mRNA synthesis and processing. This strategy allows the cell to guarantee the conformity of the messengers accessing the cytoplasm and...

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Autores principales: Gales, Jón Pol, Kubina, Julie, Geldreich, Angèle, Dimitrova, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091014
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author Gales, Jón Pol
Kubina, Julie
Geldreich, Angèle
Dimitrova, Maria
author_facet Gales, Jón Pol
Kubina, Julie
Geldreich, Angèle
Dimitrova, Maria
author_sort Gales, Jón Pol
collection PubMed
description The nuclear export of cellular mRNAs is a complex process that requires the orchestrated participation of many proteins that are recruited during the early steps of mRNA synthesis and processing. This strategy allows the cell to guarantee the conformity of the messengers accessing the cytoplasm and the translation machinery. Most transcripts are exported by the exportin dimer Nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1)–NTF2-related export protein 1 (NXT1) and the transcription–export complex 1 (TREX1). Some mRNAs that do not possess all the common messenger characteristics use either variants of the NXF1–NXT1 pathway or CRM1, a different exportin. Viruses whose mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus (retroviruses, the vast majority of DNA viruses, and influenza viruses) exploit both these cellular export pathways. Viral mRNAs hijack the cellular export machinery via complex secondary structures recognized by cellular export factors and/or viral adapter proteins. This way, the viral transcripts succeed in escaping the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported for translation, allowing the infectious cycle to proceed. This review gives an overview of the cellular mRNA nuclear export mechanisms and presents detailed insights into the most important strategies that viruses use to export the different forms of their RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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spelling pubmed-75511712020-10-16 Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs Gales, Jón Pol Kubina, Julie Geldreich, Angèle Dimitrova, Maria Viruses Review The nuclear export of cellular mRNAs is a complex process that requires the orchestrated participation of many proteins that are recruited during the early steps of mRNA synthesis and processing. This strategy allows the cell to guarantee the conformity of the messengers accessing the cytoplasm and the translation machinery. Most transcripts are exported by the exportin dimer Nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1)–NTF2-related export protein 1 (NXT1) and the transcription–export complex 1 (TREX1). Some mRNAs that do not possess all the common messenger characteristics use either variants of the NXF1–NXT1 pathway or CRM1, a different exportin. Viruses whose mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus (retroviruses, the vast majority of DNA viruses, and influenza viruses) exploit both these cellular export pathways. Viral mRNAs hijack the cellular export machinery via complex secondary structures recognized by cellular export factors and/or viral adapter proteins. This way, the viral transcripts succeed in escaping the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported for translation, allowing the infectious cycle to proceed. This review gives an overview of the cellular mRNA nuclear export mechanisms and presents detailed insights into the most important strategies that viruses use to export the different forms of their RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. MDPI 2020-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7551171/ /pubmed/32932882 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091014 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gales, Jón Pol
Kubina, Julie
Geldreich, Angèle
Dimitrova, Maria
Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs
title Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs
title_full Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs
title_fullStr Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs
title_full_unstemmed Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs
title_short Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs
title_sort strength in diversity: nuclear export of viral rnas
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091014
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