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Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Staphylococcus aureus is a metabolically flexible pathogen that causes infection in diverse settings. An array of virulence factors, including the secreted toxins, enables S. aureus to colonize different environmental niches and initiate infections by any of several discrete pathways. During these i...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551354/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32917040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090581 |
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author | Wong Fok Lung, Tania Prince, Alice |
author_facet | Wong Fok Lung, Tania Prince, Alice |
author_sort | Wong Fok Lung, Tania |
collection | PubMed |
description | Staphylococcus aureus is a metabolically flexible pathogen that causes infection in diverse settings. An array of virulence factors, including the secreted toxins, enables S. aureus to colonize different environmental niches and initiate infections by any of several discrete pathways. During these infections, both S. aureus and host cells compete with each other for nutrients and remodel their metabolism for survival. This metabolic interaction/crosstalk determines the outcome of the infection. The reprogramming of metabolic pathways in host immune cells not only generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to meet the cellular energy requirements during the infection process but also activates antimicrobial responses for eventual bacterial clearance, including cell death pathways. The selective pressure exerted by host immune cells leads to the emergence of bacterial mutants adapted for chronicity. These host-adapted mutants are often characterized by substantial changes in the expression of their own metabolic genes, or by mutations in genes involved in metabolism and biofilm formation. Host-adapted S. aureus can rewire or benefit from the metabolic activities of the immune cells via several mechanisms to cause persistent infection. In this review, we discuss how S. aureus activates host innate immune signaling, which results in an immune metabolic pressure that shapes S. aureus metabolic adaptation and determines the outcome of the infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7551354 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75513542020-10-14 Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Wong Fok Lung, Tania Prince, Alice Toxins (Basel) Review Staphylococcus aureus is a metabolically flexible pathogen that causes infection in diverse settings. An array of virulence factors, including the secreted toxins, enables S. aureus to colonize different environmental niches and initiate infections by any of several discrete pathways. During these infections, both S. aureus and host cells compete with each other for nutrients and remodel their metabolism for survival. This metabolic interaction/crosstalk determines the outcome of the infection. The reprogramming of metabolic pathways in host immune cells not only generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to meet the cellular energy requirements during the infection process but also activates antimicrobial responses for eventual bacterial clearance, including cell death pathways. The selective pressure exerted by host immune cells leads to the emergence of bacterial mutants adapted for chronicity. These host-adapted mutants are often characterized by substantial changes in the expression of their own metabolic genes, or by mutations in genes involved in metabolism and biofilm formation. Host-adapted S. aureus can rewire or benefit from the metabolic activities of the immune cells via several mechanisms to cause persistent infection. In this review, we discuss how S. aureus activates host innate immune signaling, which results in an immune metabolic pressure that shapes S. aureus metabolic adaptation and determines the outcome of the infection. MDPI 2020-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7551354/ /pubmed/32917040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090581 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wong Fok Lung, Tania Prince, Alice Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
title | Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
title_full | Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
title_fullStr | Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
title_short | Consequences of Metabolic Interactions during Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
title_sort | consequences of metabolic interactions during staphylococcus aureus infection |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551354/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32917040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090581 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wongfoklungtania consequencesofmetabolicinteractionsduringstaphylococcusaureusinfection AT princealice consequencesofmetabolicinteractionsduringstaphylococcusaureusinfection |