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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms
The growing number of oral infections caused by the Candida species are becoming harder to treat as the commonly used antibiotics become less effective. This drawback has led to the search for alternative strategies of treatment, which include the use of antifungal molecules derived from natural pro...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090532 |
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author | Canelli, Amanda Pissinatti dos Santos Rodrigues, Taís Fernanda de Goes, Vivian Fernandes Furletti Caetano, Guilherme Ferreira Mazzi, Maurício Ventura |
author_facet | Canelli, Amanda Pissinatti dos Santos Rodrigues, Taís Fernanda de Goes, Vivian Fernandes Furletti Caetano, Guilherme Ferreira Mazzi, Maurício Ventura |
author_sort | Canelli, Amanda Pissinatti |
collection | PubMed |
description | The growing number of oral infections caused by the Candida species are becoming harder to treat as the commonly used antibiotics become less effective. This drawback has led to the search for alternative strategies of treatment, which include the use of antifungal molecules derived from natural products. Herein, crotoxin (CTX), the main toxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, was challenged against Candida tropicalis (CBS94) and Candida dubliniensis (CBS7987) strains by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and inhibition of biofilm formation were evaluated after CTX treatment. In addition, CTX-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells was assessed by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Native CTX showed a higher antimicrobial activity (MIC = 47 μg/mL) when compared to CTX-containing mouthwash (MIC = 750 μg/mL) and nystatin (MIC = 375 μg/mL). Candida spp biofilm formation was more sensitive to both CTX and CTX-containing mouthwash (IC100 = 12 μg/mL) when compared to nystatin (IC100 > 47 μg/mL). Moreover, significant membrane permeabilization at concentrations of 1.5 and 47 µg/mL was observed. Native CTX was less cytotoxic to HaCaT cells than CTX-containing mouthwash or nystatin between 24 and 48 h. These preliminary findings highlight the potential use of CTX in the treatment of oral candidiasis caused by resistant strains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7551583 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75515832020-10-14 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms Canelli, Amanda Pissinatti dos Santos Rodrigues, Taís Fernanda de Goes, Vivian Fernandes Furletti Caetano, Guilherme Ferreira Mazzi, Maurício Ventura Toxins (Basel) Article The growing number of oral infections caused by the Candida species are becoming harder to treat as the commonly used antibiotics become less effective. This drawback has led to the search for alternative strategies of treatment, which include the use of antifungal molecules derived from natural products. Herein, crotoxin (CTX), the main toxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, was challenged against Candida tropicalis (CBS94) and Candida dubliniensis (CBS7987) strains by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and inhibition of biofilm formation were evaluated after CTX treatment. In addition, CTX-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells was assessed by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Native CTX showed a higher antimicrobial activity (MIC = 47 μg/mL) when compared to CTX-containing mouthwash (MIC = 750 μg/mL) and nystatin (MIC = 375 μg/mL). Candida spp biofilm formation was more sensitive to both CTX and CTX-containing mouthwash (IC100 = 12 μg/mL) when compared to nystatin (IC100 > 47 μg/mL). Moreover, significant membrane permeabilization at concentrations of 1.5 and 47 µg/mL was observed. Native CTX was less cytotoxic to HaCaT cells than CTX-containing mouthwash or nystatin between 24 and 48 h. These preliminary findings highlight the potential use of CTX in the treatment of oral candidiasis caused by resistant strains. MDPI 2020-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7551583/ /pubmed/32825220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090532 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Canelli, Amanda Pissinatti dos Santos Rodrigues, Taís Fernanda de Goes, Vivian Fernandes Furletti Caetano, Guilherme Ferreira Mazzi, Maurício Ventura Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms |
title | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms |
title_full | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms |
title_short | Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms |
title_sort | evaluation of the effectiveness of crotoxin as an antiseptic against candida spp. biofilms |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090532 |
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