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Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics

Vitamin D status was assessed in a large urban area to compare differences in deficiency and to geomap the results. In total, 36,466 participants from 28 geographical areas were identified in this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of general practitioner (GP)-requested 25(OH)D tests at St Jame...

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Autores principales: Scully, Helena, Laird, Eamon, Healy, Martin, Walsh, James Bernard, Crowley, Vivion, McCarroll, Kevin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092663
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author Scully, Helena
Laird, Eamon
Healy, Martin
Walsh, James Bernard
Crowley, Vivion
McCarroll, Kevin
author_facet Scully, Helena
Laird, Eamon
Healy, Martin
Walsh, James Bernard
Crowley, Vivion
McCarroll, Kevin
author_sort Scully, Helena
collection PubMed
description Vitamin D status was assessed in a large urban area to compare differences in deficiency and to geomap the results. In total, 36,466 participants from 28 geographical areas were identified in this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of general practitioner (GP)-requested 25(OH)D tests at St James’s Hospital, Dublin between 2014 and 2018. The population were community-dwelling adults, median age 50.7 (18–109 years) with 15% of participants deficient (<30 nmol/L), rising to 23% in the winter. Deficiency was greatest in younger (18–39 years) and oldest (80+ years) adults, and in males versus females (18% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Season was the biggest predictor of deficiency (OR 4.44, winter versus summer, p < 0.001), followed by location (west Dublin OR 2.17, north Dublin 1.54, south Dublin 1.42 versus rest of Ireland, p < 0.001) where several urban areas with an increased prevalence of deficiency were identified. There was no improvement in 25(OH)D over the 5-year period despite increased levels of testing. One in four adults were vitamin D deficient in the winter, with significant variations across locations and demographics. Overall this study identifies key groups at risk of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency, thus providing important public health information for the targeting of interventions to optimise 25(OH)D. Mandatory fortification may be necessary to address this widespread inadequacy.
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spelling pubmed-75516182020-10-14 Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics Scully, Helena Laird, Eamon Healy, Martin Walsh, James Bernard Crowley, Vivion McCarroll, Kevin Nutrients Article Vitamin D status was assessed in a large urban area to compare differences in deficiency and to geomap the results. In total, 36,466 participants from 28 geographical areas were identified in this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of general practitioner (GP)-requested 25(OH)D tests at St James’s Hospital, Dublin between 2014 and 2018. The population were community-dwelling adults, median age 50.7 (18–109 years) with 15% of participants deficient (<30 nmol/L), rising to 23% in the winter. Deficiency was greatest in younger (18–39 years) and oldest (80+ years) adults, and in males versus females (18% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Season was the biggest predictor of deficiency (OR 4.44, winter versus summer, p < 0.001), followed by location (west Dublin OR 2.17, north Dublin 1.54, south Dublin 1.42 versus rest of Ireland, p < 0.001) where several urban areas with an increased prevalence of deficiency were identified. There was no improvement in 25(OH)D over the 5-year period despite increased levels of testing. One in four adults were vitamin D deficient in the winter, with significant variations across locations and demographics. Overall this study identifies key groups at risk of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency, thus providing important public health information for the targeting of interventions to optimise 25(OH)D. Mandatory fortification may be necessary to address this widespread inadequacy. MDPI 2020-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7551618/ /pubmed/32878330 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092663 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Scully, Helena
Laird, Eamon
Healy, Martin
Walsh, James Bernard
Crowley, Vivion
McCarroll, Kevin
Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics
title Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics
title_full Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics
title_fullStr Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics
title_full_unstemmed Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics
title_short Geomapping Vitamin D Status in a Large City and Surrounding Population—Exploring the Impact of Location and Demographics
title_sort geomapping vitamin d status in a large city and surrounding population—exploring the impact of location and demographics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092663
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