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Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations

To determine Phascolarctid gammaherpesviruses (PhaHV) infection in South Australian koala populations, 80 oropharyngeal swabs from wild-caught and 87 oropharyngeal spleen samples and swabs from euthanased koalas were tested using two specific PCR assays developed to detect PhaHV-1 and PhaHV-2. In wi...

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Autores principales: Kasimov, Vasilli, Stephenson, Tamsyn, Speight, Natasha, Chaber, Anne-Lise, Boardman, Wayne, Easther, Ruby, Hemmatzadeh, Farhid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090948
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author Kasimov, Vasilli
Stephenson, Tamsyn
Speight, Natasha
Chaber, Anne-Lise
Boardman, Wayne
Easther, Ruby
Hemmatzadeh, Farhid
author_facet Kasimov, Vasilli
Stephenson, Tamsyn
Speight, Natasha
Chaber, Anne-Lise
Boardman, Wayne
Easther, Ruby
Hemmatzadeh, Farhid
author_sort Kasimov, Vasilli
collection PubMed
description To determine Phascolarctid gammaherpesviruses (PhaHV) infection in South Australian koala populations, 80 oropharyngeal swabs from wild-caught and 87 oropharyngeal spleen samples and swabs from euthanased koalas were tested using two specific PCR assays developed to detect PhaHV-1 and PhaHV-2. In wild-caught koalas, active shedding of PhaHV was determined by positive oropharyngeal samples in 72.5% (58/80) of animals, of which 44.8% (26/58) had PhaHV-1, 20.7% (12/58) PhaHV-2 and 34.5% (20/58) both viral subtypes. In the euthanased koalas, systemic infection was determined by positive PCR in spleen samples and found in 72.4% (63/87) of koalas. Active shedding was determined by positive oropharyngeal results and found in 54.0% (47/87) of koalas. Koalas infected and actively shedding PhaHV-1 alone, PhaHV-2 alone or shedding both viral subtypes were 48.9% (23/47), 14.9% (7/47) and 36.2% (17/47), respectively. Only 45.9% (40/87) were not actively shedding, of which 40.0% (16/40) of these had systemic infections. Both wild-caught and euthanased koalas actively shedding PhaHV-2 were significantly more likely to be actively shedding both viral subtypes. Active shedding of PhaHV-2 had a significant negative correlation with BCS in the euthanased cohort, and active shedding of PhaHV-1 had a significant positive relationship with age in both wild-caught and euthanased cohorts.
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spelling pubmed-75520322020-10-14 Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations Kasimov, Vasilli Stephenson, Tamsyn Speight, Natasha Chaber, Anne-Lise Boardman, Wayne Easther, Ruby Hemmatzadeh, Farhid Viruses Article To determine Phascolarctid gammaherpesviruses (PhaHV) infection in South Australian koala populations, 80 oropharyngeal swabs from wild-caught and 87 oropharyngeal spleen samples and swabs from euthanased koalas were tested using two specific PCR assays developed to detect PhaHV-1 and PhaHV-2. In wild-caught koalas, active shedding of PhaHV was determined by positive oropharyngeal samples in 72.5% (58/80) of animals, of which 44.8% (26/58) had PhaHV-1, 20.7% (12/58) PhaHV-2 and 34.5% (20/58) both viral subtypes. In the euthanased koalas, systemic infection was determined by positive PCR in spleen samples and found in 72.4% (63/87) of koalas. Active shedding was determined by positive oropharyngeal results and found in 54.0% (47/87) of koalas. Koalas infected and actively shedding PhaHV-1 alone, PhaHV-2 alone or shedding both viral subtypes were 48.9% (23/47), 14.9% (7/47) and 36.2% (17/47), respectively. Only 45.9% (40/87) were not actively shedding, of which 40.0% (16/40) of these had systemic infections. Both wild-caught and euthanased koalas actively shedding PhaHV-2 were significantly more likely to be actively shedding both viral subtypes. Active shedding of PhaHV-2 had a significant negative correlation with BCS in the euthanased cohort, and active shedding of PhaHV-1 had a significant positive relationship with age in both wild-caught and euthanased cohorts. MDPI 2020-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7552032/ /pubmed/32867109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090948 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kasimov, Vasilli
Stephenson, Tamsyn
Speight, Natasha
Chaber, Anne-Lise
Boardman, Wayne
Easther, Ruby
Hemmatzadeh, Farhid
Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations
title Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations
title_full Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations
title_fullStr Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations
title_full_unstemmed Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations
title_short Identification and Prevalence of Phascolarctid Gammaherpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in South Australian Koala Populations
title_sort identification and prevalence of phascolarctid gammaherpesvirus types 1 and 2 in south australian koala populations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090948
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