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Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses

Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses that have been used extensively to study host antiviral responses. Often selected just to represent standard single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses in early studies, the Flavivirus genus over time has taught us how truly unique it is in its remarkable...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Tongtong, Fernandez-Sesma, Ana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552040/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899347
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090979
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author Zhu, Tongtong
Fernandez-Sesma, Ana
author_facet Zhu, Tongtong
Fernandez-Sesma, Ana
author_sort Zhu, Tongtong
collection PubMed
description Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses that have been used extensively to study host antiviral responses. Often selected just to represent standard single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses in early studies, the Flavivirus genus over time has taught us how truly unique it is in its remarkable ability to target not just the RNA sensory pathways but also the cytosolic DNA sensing system for its successful replication inside the host cell. This review summarizes the main developments on the unexpected antagonistic strategies utilized by different flaviviruses, with RNA genomes, against the host cyclic GAMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cytosolic DNA sensing pathway in mammalian systems. On the basis of the recent advancements on this topic, we hypothesize that the mechanisms of viral sensing and innate immunity are much more fluid than what we had anticipated, and both viral and host factors will continue to be found as important factors contributing to the host innate immune system in the future.
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spelling pubmed-75520402020-10-14 Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses Zhu, Tongtong Fernandez-Sesma, Ana Viruses Review Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses that have been used extensively to study host antiviral responses. Often selected just to represent standard single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses in early studies, the Flavivirus genus over time has taught us how truly unique it is in its remarkable ability to target not just the RNA sensory pathways but also the cytosolic DNA sensing system for its successful replication inside the host cell. This review summarizes the main developments on the unexpected antagonistic strategies utilized by different flaviviruses, with RNA genomes, against the host cyclic GAMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cytosolic DNA sensing pathway in mammalian systems. On the basis of the recent advancements on this topic, we hypothesize that the mechanisms of viral sensing and innate immunity are much more fluid than what we had anticipated, and both viral and host factors will continue to be found as important factors contributing to the host innate immune system in the future. MDPI 2020-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7552040/ /pubmed/32899347 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090979 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zhu, Tongtong
Fernandez-Sesma, Ana
Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses
title Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses
title_full Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses
title_fullStr Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses
title_full_unstemmed Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses
title_short Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses
title_sort innate immune dna sensing of flaviviruses
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552040/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899347
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090979
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