Estimation of ground-level PM(2.5) concentration using MODIS AOD and corrected regression model over Beijing, China

To establish a new model for estimating ground-level PM(2.5) concentration over Beijing, China, the relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level PM(2.5) concentration was derived and analysed firstly. Boundary layer height (BLH) and relative humidity (RH) were shown to be two major factors influencing the relationship between AOD and ground-level PM(2.5) concentration. Thus, they are used to correct MODIS AOD to enhance the correlation between MODIS AOD and PM(2.5). When using corrected MODIS AOD for modelling, the correlation between MODIS AOD and PM(2.5) was improved significantly. Then, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature (ST) and surface wind speed (SPD) were introduced as auxiliary variables to further improve the performance of the corrected regression model. The seasonal and annual average distribution of PM(2.5) concentration over Beijing from 2014 to 2016 were mapped for intuitively analysing. Those can be regarded as important references for monitoring the ground-level PM(2.5) concentration distribution. It is obviously that the PM(2.5) concentration distribution over Beijing revealed the trend of “southeast high and northwest low”, and showed a significant decrease in annual average PM(2.5) concentration from 2014 to 2016.