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Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure
Natural products, such as humic substances (HS) and shilajit, are known to possess antiviral activity. Humic-like components are often called as carriers of biological activity of shilajit. The goal of this study was to evaluate anti-HIV activity of well characterized HS isolated from coal, peat, an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110312 |
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author | Zhernov, Yury V. Konstantinov, Andrey I. Zherebker, Alexander Nikolaev, Eugene Orlov, Alexey Savinykh, Mikhail I. Kornilaeva, Galina V. Karamov, Eduard V. Perminova, Irina V. |
author_facet | Zhernov, Yury V. Konstantinov, Andrey I. Zherebker, Alexander Nikolaev, Eugene Orlov, Alexey Savinykh, Mikhail I. Kornilaeva, Galina V. Karamov, Eduard V. Perminova, Irina V. |
author_sort | Zhernov, Yury V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural products, such as humic substances (HS) and shilajit, are known to possess antiviral activity. Humic-like components are often called as carriers of biological activity of shilajit. The goal of this study was to evaluate anti-HIV activity of well characterized HS isolated from coal, peat, and peloids, and compare it to that of water-soluble organic matter (OM) isolated from different samples of Shilajit. The set of humic materials included 16 samples of different fractional composition: humic acid (HA), hymatomelanic acid (HMA), fulvic acid (FA). The set of shilajit OM included 19 samples of different geographic origin and level of alteration. The HIV-1 p24 antigen assay and cell viability test were used for assessment of antiviral activity. The HIV-1 Bru strain was used to infect CEM-SS cells. The obtained EC50 values varied from 0.37 to 1.4 mg L(−1) for the humic materials, and from 14 to 142 mg L(−1) for the shilajit OM. Hence, all humic materials used in this study outcompeted largely the shilajit materials with respect to anti-HIV activity: For the humic materials, the structure-activity relationships revealed strong correlation between the EC50 values and the content of aromatic carbon indicating the most important role of aromatic structures. For shilajit OM, the reverse relationship was obtained indicating the different mechanism of shilajit activity. The FTICRMS molecular assignments were used for ChEMBL data mining in search of the active humic molecules. As potential carriers of antiviral activity were identified aromatic structures with alkyl substituents, terpenoids, N-containing analogs of typical flavonoids, and aza-podophyllotoxins. The conclusion was made that the typical humic materials and Shilajit differ greatly in molecular composition, and the humic materials have substantial preferences as a natural source of antiviral agents as compared to shilajit. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7554000 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75540002020-10-14 Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure Zhernov, Yury V. Konstantinov, Andrey I. Zherebker, Alexander Nikolaev, Eugene Orlov, Alexey Savinykh, Mikhail I. Kornilaeva, Galina V. Karamov, Eduard V. Perminova, Irina V. Environ Res Article Natural products, such as humic substances (HS) and shilajit, are known to possess antiviral activity. Humic-like components are often called as carriers of biological activity of shilajit. The goal of this study was to evaluate anti-HIV activity of well characterized HS isolated from coal, peat, and peloids, and compare it to that of water-soluble organic matter (OM) isolated from different samples of Shilajit. The set of humic materials included 16 samples of different fractional composition: humic acid (HA), hymatomelanic acid (HMA), fulvic acid (FA). The set of shilajit OM included 19 samples of different geographic origin and level of alteration. The HIV-1 p24 antigen assay and cell viability test were used for assessment of antiviral activity. The HIV-1 Bru strain was used to infect CEM-SS cells. The obtained EC50 values varied from 0.37 to 1.4 mg L(−1) for the humic materials, and from 14 to 142 mg L(−1) for the shilajit OM. Hence, all humic materials used in this study outcompeted largely the shilajit materials with respect to anti-HIV activity: For the humic materials, the structure-activity relationships revealed strong correlation between the EC50 values and the content of aromatic carbon indicating the most important role of aromatic structures. For shilajit OM, the reverse relationship was obtained indicating the different mechanism of shilajit activity. The FTICRMS molecular assignments were used for ChEMBL data mining in search of the active humic molecules. As potential carriers of antiviral activity were identified aromatic structures with alkyl substituents, terpenoids, N-containing analogs of typical flavonoids, and aza-podophyllotoxins. The conclusion was made that the typical humic materials and Shilajit differ greatly in molecular composition, and the humic materials have substantial preferences as a natural source of antiviral agents as compared to shilajit. Elsevier Inc. 2021-02 2020-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7554000/ /pubmed/33065073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110312 Text en © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Zhernov, Yury V. Konstantinov, Andrey I. Zherebker, Alexander Nikolaev, Eugene Orlov, Alexey Savinykh, Mikhail I. Kornilaeva, Galina V. Karamov, Eduard V. Perminova, Irina V. Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure |
title | Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure |
title_full | Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure |
title_fullStr | Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure |
title_full_unstemmed | Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure |
title_short | Antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against HIV-1: Relation to structure |
title_sort | antiviral activity of natural humic substances and shilajit materials against hiv-1: relation to structure |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554000/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110312 |
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