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Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement

Vaccine hesitancy is a problem attracting growing attention and concern. In this paper, we discuss why anti-vaccination messages are influential and which pro-vaccine messages can be effective to address vaccine hesitancy from the perspective of dual-process theories of cognitive functioning. The fu...

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Autores principales: Okuhara, Tsuyoshi, Ishikawa, Hirono, Okada, Hiroko, Ueno, Haruka, Kiuchi, Takahiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554643/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33083207
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101205
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author Okuhara, Tsuyoshi
Ishikawa, Hirono
Okada, Hiroko
Ueno, Haruka
Kiuchi, Takahiro
author_facet Okuhara, Tsuyoshi
Ishikawa, Hirono
Okada, Hiroko
Ueno, Haruka
Kiuchi, Takahiro
author_sort Okuhara, Tsuyoshi
collection PubMed
description Vaccine hesitancy is a problem attracting growing attention and concern. In this paper, we discuss why anti-vaccination messages are influential and which pro-vaccine messages can be effective to address vaccine hesitancy from the perspective of dual-process theories of cognitive functioning. The functioning of the human brain can be characterized by two different types of cognitive functioning: intuitive System 1, which is evolutionarily old, fast, and automatic; and analytical System 2, which is evolutionarily recent, slow, and deliberative. Anti-vaccination messages that inspire fear activate System 1, and vaccine recommendation messages that use statistics activate System 2. System 1 has a greater influence on judgment than System 2. The processing of System 1 is called “trajectory.” Even if adequate knowledge about the effectiveness and safety of vaccination is input to System 2, vaccine hesitancy cannot be easily erased once it is generated by System 1. We suggest that vaccine recommendation messages should target System 1 in addition to System 2, to counter anti-vaccination messages and address vaccine hesitancy.
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spelling pubmed-75546432020-10-19 Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement Okuhara, Tsuyoshi Ishikawa, Hirono Okada, Hiroko Ueno, Haruka Kiuchi, Takahiro Prev Med Rep Short Communication Vaccine hesitancy is a problem attracting growing attention and concern. In this paper, we discuss why anti-vaccination messages are influential and which pro-vaccine messages can be effective to address vaccine hesitancy from the perspective of dual-process theories of cognitive functioning. The functioning of the human brain can be characterized by two different types of cognitive functioning: intuitive System 1, which is evolutionarily old, fast, and automatic; and analytical System 2, which is evolutionarily recent, slow, and deliberative. Anti-vaccination messages that inspire fear activate System 1, and vaccine recommendation messages that use statistics activate System 2. System 1 has a greater influence on judgment than System 2. The processing of System 1 is called “trajectory.” Even if adequate knowledge about the effectiveness and safety of vaccination is input to System 2, vaccine hesitancy cannot be easily erased once it is generated by System 1. We suggest that vaccine recommendation messages should target System 1 in addition to System 2, to counter anti-vaccination messages and address vaccine hesitancy. 2020-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7554643/ /pubmed/33083207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101205 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Short Communication
Okuhara, Tsuyoshi
Ishikawa, Hirono
Okada, Hiroko
Ueno, Haruka
Kiuchi, Takahiro
Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
title Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
title_full Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
title_fullStr Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
title_full_unstemmed Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
title_short Dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
title_sort dual-process theories to counter the anti-vaccination movement
topic Short Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554643/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33083207
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101205
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