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IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554897/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186966 |
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author | Ren, Heather M. Lukacher, Aron E. |
author_facet | Ren, Heather M. Lukacher, Aron E. |
author_sort | Ren, Heather M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer by mitigating generation of exhausted T cells (T(EX)). CD4 T cell help is also required for establishing and maintaining tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM)), the nonrecirculating memory T cell subset parked in nonlymphoid tissues to provide frontline defense against reinvading pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-21 is the signature cytokine secreted by follicular helper CD4 T cells (T(FH)) to drive B cell expansion and differentiation in germinal centers to mount high-affinity, isotype class-switched antibodies. In several infection models, IL-21 has been identified as the CD4 T help needed for formation and survival of T(RM) and T(EX). In this review, we will explore the different memory subsets of CD8 T cells in persistent infections, the metabolic profiles associated with each, and evidence documenting the importance of CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 in regulating CD8 T(RM) and T(EX) development, homeostasis, and function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7554897 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75548972020-10-14 IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection Ren, Heather M. Lukacher, Aron E. Int J Mol Sci Review CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer by mitigating generation of exhausted T cells (T(EX)). CD4 T cell help is also required for establishing and maintaining tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM)), the nonrecirculating memory T cell subset parked in nonlymphoid tissues to provide frontline defense against reinvading pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-21 is the signature cytokine secreted by follicular helper CD4 T cells (T(FH)) to drive B cell expansion and differentiation in germinal centers to mount high-affinity, isotype class-switched antibodies. In several infection models, IL-21 has been identified as the CD4 T help needed for formation and survival of T(RM) and T(EX). In this review, we will explore the different memory subsets of CD8 T cells in persistent infections, the metabolic profiles associated with each, and evidence documenting the importance of CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 in regulating CD8 T(RM) and T(EX) development, homeostasis, and function. MDPI 2020-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7554897/ /pubmed/32971931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186966 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ren, Heather M. Lukacher, Aron E. IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection |
title | IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection |
title_full | IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection |
title_fullStr | IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection |
title_short | IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection |
title_sort | il-21 in homeostasis of resident memory and exhausted cd8 t cells during persistent infection |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554897/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186966 |
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