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IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection

CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ren, Heather M., Lukacher, Aron E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971931
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186966
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author Ren, Heather M.
Lukacher, Aron E.
author_facet Ren, Heather M.
Lukacher, Aron E.
author_sort Ren, Heather M.
collection PubMed
description CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer by mitigating generation of exhausted T cells (T(EX)). CD4 T cell help is also required for establishing and maintaining tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM)), the nonrecirculating memory T cell subset parked in nonlymphoid tissues to provide frontline defense against reinvading pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-21 is the signature cytokine secreted by follicular helper CD4 T cells (T(FH)) to drive B cell expansion and differentiation in germinal centers to mount high-affinity, isotype class-switched antibodies. In several infection models, IL-21 has been identified as the CD4 T help needed for formation and survival of T(RM) and T(EX). In this review, we will explore the different memory subsets of CD8 T cells in persistent infections, the metabolic profiles associated with each, and evidence documenting the importance of CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 in regulating CD8 T(RM) and T(EX) development, homeostasis, and function.
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spelling pubmed-75548972020-10-14 IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection Ren, Heather M. Lukacher, Aron E. Int J Mol Sci Review CD4 T cells guide the development of CD8 T cells into memory by elaborating mitogenic and differentiation factors and by licensing professional antigen-presenting cells. CD4 T cells also act to stave off CD8 T cell dysfunction during repetitive antigen stimulation in persistent infection and cancer by mitigating generation of exhausted T cells (T(EX)). CD4 T cell help is also required for establishing and maintaining tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM)), the nonrecirculating memory T cell subset parked in nonlymphoid tissues to provide frontline defense against reinvading pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-21 is the signature cytokine secreted by follicular helper CD4 T cells (T(FH)) to drive B cell expansion and differentiation in germinal centers to mount high-affinity, isotype class-switched antibodies. In several infection models, IL-21 has been identified as the CD4 T help needed for formation and survival of T(RM) and T(EX). In this review, we will explore the different memory subsets of CD8 T cells in persistent infections, the metabolic profiles associated with each, and evidence documenting the importance of CD4 T cell-derived IL-21 in regulating CD8 T(RM) and T(EX) development, homeostasis, and function. MDPI 2020-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7554897/ /pubmed/32971931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186966 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ren, Heather M.
Lukacher, Aron E.
IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
title IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
title_full IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
title_fullStr IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
title_full_unstemmed IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
title_short IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection
title_sort il-21 in homeostasis of resident memory and exhausted cd8 t cells during persistent infection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971931
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186966
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