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Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common severe psychiatric illness, exhibiting sub-optimal response to existing pharmacological treatments. Although its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood, recent findings suggest that an altered composition of the gut microbiota might play a rol...

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Autores principales: Fontana, Andrea, Manchia, Mirko, Panebianco, Concetta, Paribello, Pasquale, Arzedi, Carlo, Cossu, Eleonora, Garzilli, Mario, Montis, Maria Antonietta, Mura, Andrea, Pisanu, Claudia, Congiu, Donatella, Copetti, Massimiliano, Pinna, Federica, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Squassina, Alessio, Pazienza, Valerio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554953/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867257
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090311
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author Fontana, Andrea
Manchia, Mirko
Panebianco, Concetta
Paribello, Pasquale
Arzedi, Carlo
Cossu, Eleonora
Garzilli, Mario
Montis, Maria Antonietta
Mura, Andrea
Pisanu, Claudia
Congiu, Donatella
Copetti, Massimiliano
Pinna, Federica
Carpiniello, Bernardo
Squassina, Alessio
Pazienza, Valerio
author_facet Fontana, Andrea
Manchia, Mirko
Panebianco, Concetta
Paribello, Pasquale
Arzedi, Carlo
Cossu, Eleonora
Garzilli, Mario
Montis, Maria Antonietta
Mura, Andrea
Pisanu, Claudia
Congiu, Donatella
Copetti, Massimiliano
Pinna, Federica
Carpiniello, Bernardo
Squassina, Alessio
Pazienza, Valerio
author_sort Fontana, Andrea
collection PubMed
description Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common severe psychiatric illness, exhibiting sub-optimal response to existing pharmacological treatments. Although its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood, recent findings suggest that an altered composition of the gut microbiota might play a role. Here we aimed to explore potential differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HC) and to identify possible signatures of treatment response by analyzing two groups of MDD patients characterized as treatment-resistant (TR) or responders (R) to antidepressants. Stool samples were collected from 34 MDD patients (8 TR, 19 R and 7 untreated) and 20 HC. Microbiota was characterized using the 16S metagenomic approach. A penalized logistic regression analysis algorithm was applied to identify bacterial populations that best discriminate the diagnostic groups. Statistically significant differences were identified for the families of Paenibacillaceae and Flavobacteriaceaea, for the genus Fenollaria, and the species Flintibacter butyricus, Christensenella timonensis, and Eisenbergiella massiliensis among others. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and the family Peptostreptococcaceae were more abundant in TR, whereas the phylum Actinobacteria was enriched in R patients. Moreover, a number of bacteria only characterized the microbiota of TR patients, and many others were only detected in R. Our results confirm that dysbiosis is a hallmark of MDD and suggest that microbiota of TR patients significantly differs from responders to antidepressants. This finding further supports the relevance of an altered composition of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of MDD, suggesting a role in response to antidepressants.
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spelling pubmed-75549532020-10-14 Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants Fontana, Andrea Manchia, Mirko Panebianco, Concetta Paribello, Pasquale Arzedi, Carlo Cossu, Eleonora Garzilli, Mario Montis, Maria Antonietta Mura, Andrea Pisanu, Claudia Congiu, Donatella Copetti, Massimiliano Pinna, Federica Carpiniello, Bernardo Squassina, Alessio Pazienza, Valerio Biomedicines Article Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common severe psychiatric illness, exhibiting sub-optimal response to existing pharmacological treatments. Although its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood, recent findings suggest that an altered composition of the gut microbiota might play a role. Here we aimed to explore potential differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HC) and to identify possible signatures of treatment response by analyzing two groups of MDD patients characterized as treatment-resistant (TR) or responders (R) to antidepressants. Stool samples were collected from 34 MDD patients (8 TR, 19 R and 7 untreated) and 20 HC. Microbiota was characterized using the 16S metagenomic approach. A penalized logistic regression analysis algorithm was applied to identify bacterial populations that best discriminate the diagnostic groups. Statistically significant differences were identified for the families of Paenibacillaceae and Flavobacteriaceaea, for the genus Fenollaria, and the species Flintibacter butyricus, Christensenella timonensis, and Eisenbergiella massiliensis among others. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and the family Peptostreptococcaceae were more abundant in TR, whereas the phylum Actinobacteria was enriched in R patients. Moreover, a number of bacteria only characterized the microbiota of TR patients, and many others were only detected in R. Our results confirm that dysbiosis is a hallmark of MDD and suggest that microbiota of TR patients significantly differs from responders to antidepressants. This finding further supports the relevance of an altered composition of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of MDD, suggesting a role in response to antidepressants. MDPI 2020-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7554953/ /pubmed/32867257 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090311 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fontana, Andrea
Manchia, Mirko
Panebianco, Concetta
Paribello, Pasquale
Arzedi, Carlo
Cossu, Eleonora
Garzilli, Mario
Montis, Maria Antonietta
Mura, Andrea
Pisanu, Claudia
Congiu, Donatella
Copetti, Massimiliano
Pinna, Federica
Carpiniello, Bernardo
Squassina, Alessio
Pazienza, Valerio
Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants
title Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants
title_full Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants
title_fullStr Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants
title_short Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants
title_sort exploring the role of gut microbiota in major depressive disorder and in treatment resistance to antidepressants
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554953/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867257
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090311
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