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Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Aging, defined by a decrease in the physical and functional integrity of the tissues, leads to age-associated degenerative diseases. There is a relation between aged dental pulp and the senescence of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular processes un...

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Autores principales: Zayed, Mohammed, Iohara, Koichiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967298
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186931
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author Zayed, Mohammed
Iohara, Koichiro
author_facet Zayed, Mohammed
Iohara, Koichiro
author_sort Zayed, Mohammed
collection PubMed
description Aging, defined by a decrease in the physical and functional integrity of the tissues, leads to age-associated degenerative diseases. There is a relation between aged dental pulp and the senescence of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular processes underlying the senescence of DPSCs to elucidate the dental pulp aging mechanisms. p-Cresol (PC), a uremic toxin, is strongly related to cellular senescence. Here, age-related phenotypic changes including senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, and declining odontoblast differentiation in PC-treated canine DPSCs were investigated. Under the PC condition, cellular senescence was induced by decreased proliferation capacity and increased cell size, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and senescence markers p21, IL-1β, IL-8, and p53. Exposure to PC could stimulate inflammation by the increased expression of IL-6 and cause the distraction of the cell cycle by the increased level of Bax protein and decreased Bcl-2. The levels of odontoblast differentiation markers, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1, and osterix, were decreased. Consistent with those findings, the alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase, and DSPP protein level were decreased during the odontoblast differentiation process. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC could induce cellular senescence in DPSCs, which may demonstrate the changes in aging dental pulp.
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spelling pubmed-75553602020-10-19 Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells Zayed, Mohammed Iohara, Koichiro Int J Mol Sci Article Aging, defined by a decrease in the physical and functional integrity of the tissues, leads to age-associated degenerative diseases. There is a relation between aged dental pulp and the senescence of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular processes underlying the senescence of DPSCs to elucidate the dental pulp aging mechanisms. p-Cresol (PC), a uremic toxin, is strongly related to cellular senescence. Here, age-related phenotypic changes including senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, and declining odontoblast differentiation in PC-treated canine DPSCs were investigated. Under the PC condition, cellular senescence was induced by decreased proliferation capacity and increased cell size, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and senescence markers p21, IL-1β, IL-8, and p53. Exposure to PC could stimulate inflammation by the increased expression of IL-6 and cause the distraction of the cell cycle by the increased level of Bax protein and decreased Bcl-2. The levels of odontoblast differentiation markers, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1, and osterix, were decreased. Consistent with those findings, the alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase, and DSPP protein level were decreased during the odontoblast differentiation process. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC could induce cellular senescence in DPSCs, which may demonstrate the changes in aging dental pulp. MDPI 2020-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7555360/ /pubmed/32967298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186931 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zayed, Mohammed
Iohara, Koichiro
Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells
title Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells
title_full Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells
title_fullStr Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells
title_full_unstemmed Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells
title_short Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells
title_sort effects of p-cresol on senescence, survival, inflammation, and odontoblast differentiation in canine dental pulp stem cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967298
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186931
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