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Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science
Sarcopenia is primarily characterized by skeletal muscle disturbances such as loss of muscle mass, quality, strength, and physical performance. It is commonly seen in elderly patients with chronic diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic heart failure (HF) patients amounts to up to 20% and...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32911600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186549 |
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author | Lena, Alessia Anker, Markus S. Springer, Jochen |
author_facet | Lena, Alessia Anker, Markus S. Springer, Jochen |
author_sort | Lena, Alessia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sarcopenia is primarily characterized by skeletal muscle disturbances such as loss of muscle mass, quality, strength, and physical performance. It is commonly seen in elderly patients with chronic diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic heart failure (HF) patients amounts to up to 20% and may progress into cardiac cachexia. Muscle wasting is a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival in HF patients. Despite many different techniques and clinical tests, there is still no broadly available gold standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation represent the currently most used strategies against wasting disorders. Ongoing research is investigating skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as a new possible target for pharmacological compounds. Novel agents such as synthetic ghrelin and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) seem promising in counteracting muscle abnormalities but their effectiveness in HF patients has not been assessed yet. In the last decades, many advances have been accomplished but sarcopenia remains an underdiagnosed pathology and more efforts are needed to find an efficacious therapeutic plan. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the current knowledge in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia in order to provide a better understanding of wasting disorders occurring in chronic heart failure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7555939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75559392020-10-19 Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science Lena, Alessia Anker, Markus S. Springer, Jochen Int J Mol Sci Review Sarcopenia is primarily characterized by skeletal muscle disturbances such as loss of muscle mass, quality, strength, and physical performance. It is commonly seen in elderly patients with chronic diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic heart failure (HF) patients amounts to up to 20% and may progress into cardiac cachexia. Muscle wasting is a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival in HF patients. Despite many different techniques and clinical tests, there is still no broadly available gold standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation represent the currently most used strategies against wasting disorders. Ongoing research is investigating skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as a new possible target for pharmacological compounds. Novel agents such as synthetic ghrelin and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) seem promising in counteracting muscle abnormalities but their effectiveness in HF patients has not been assessed yet. In the last decades, many advances have been accomplished but sarcopenia remains an underdiagnosed pathology and more efforts are needed to find an efficacious therapeutic plan. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the current knowledge in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia in order to provide a better understanding of wasting disorders occurring in chronic heart failure. MDPI 2020-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7555939/ /pubmed/32911600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186549 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lena, Alessia Anker, Markus S. Springer, Jochen Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science |
title | Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science |
title_full | Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science |
title_fullStr | Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science |
title_full_unstemmed | Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science |
title_short | Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure—The Current State of Science |
title_sort | muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure—the current state of science |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32911600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186549 |
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