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The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Radiological and endocrinological work up of adrenal neoplasms is aimed at distinguishing between frequent non-functioning adenomas and rare but very aggressive adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Relevant research has addressed the identification of molecular, genetic and hormonal markers that could ha...

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Autores principales: Rossi, Claudia, Cicalini, Ilaria, Verrocchio, Sara, Di Dalmazi, Giulia, Federici, Luca, Bucci, Ines
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090314
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author Rossi, Claudia
Cicalini, Ilaria
Verrocchio, Sara
Di Dalmazi, Giulia
Federici, Luca
Bucci, Ines
author_facet Rossi, Claudia
Cicalini, Ilaria
Verrocchio, Sara
Di Dalmazi, Giulia
Federici, Luca
Bucci, Ines
author_sort Rossi, Claudia
collection PubMed
description Radiological and endocrinological work up of adrenal neoplasms is aimed at distinguishing between frequent non-functioning adenomas and rare but very aggressive adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Relevant research has addressed the identification of molecular, genetic and hormonal markers that could have clinical significance for malignancy, as well as a prognostic value. Regarding endocrine aspects, attention has been paid to the pattern of steroid secretion that can be affected by altered steroidogenic pathway in ACC. The advent of mass spectrometry techniques has overcome many limitations usually associated with immunoassays, allowing the determination of both common and rarely measured steroids in a single analysis with high specificity and sensitivity. Indeed, mass spectrometry strategies may be able to identify an individualized steroid profile of ACC, allowing a rapid diagnosis and a specific follow-up. In this review, insights, strengths and limitations of mass spectrometry-based approaches in steroid profiling, as well as of immunoassay in steroid measurements, will be specifically discussed. Moreover, the latest findings on steroid profiling by mass spectrometry-based techniques, the most promising analytical tool, will be summarized to evaluate if steroid profiling might be the clue for solving the clinical dilemma in differentiating ACC from non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas (ACA).
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spelling pubmed-75559752020-10-19 The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Rossi, Claudia Cicalini, Ilaria Verrocchio, Sara Di Dalmazi, Giulia Federici, Luca Bucci, Ines Biomedicines Review Radiological and endocrinological work up of adrenal neoplasms is aimed at distinguishing between frequent non-functioning adenomas and rare but very aggressive adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Relevant research has addressed the identification of molecular, genetic and hormonal markers that could have clinical significance for malignancy, as well as a prognostic value. Regarding endocrine aspects, attention has been paid to the pattern of steroid secretion that can be affected by altered steroidogenic pathway in ACC. The advent of mass spectrometry techniques has overcome many limitations usually associated with immunoassays, allowing the determination of both common and rarely measured steroids in a single analysis with high specificity and sensitivity. Indeed, mass spectrometry strategies may be able to identify an individualized steroid profile of ACC, allowing a rapid diagnosis and a specific follow-up. In this review, insights, strengths and limitations of mass spectrometry-based approaches in steroid profiling, as well as of immunoassay in steroid measurements, will be specifically discussed. Moreover, the latest findings on steroid profiling by mass spectrometry-based techniques, the most promising analytical tool, will be summarized to evaluate if steroid profiling might be the clue for solving the clinical dilemma in differentiating ACC from non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas (ACA). MDPI 2020-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7555975/ /pubmed/32872281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090314 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rossi, Claudia
Cicalini, Ilaria
Verrocchio, Sara
Di Dalmazi, Giulia
Federici, Luca
Bucci, Ines
The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_full The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_fullStr The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_short The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
title_sort potential of steroid profiling by mass spectrometry in the management of adrenocortical carcinoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7555975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090314
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