Both Autopsy and Computed Tomography Are Necessary for Accurately Detecting Rib Fractures Due to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Few studies have compared the sensitivities of autopsy and post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) in detecting rib fractures caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to compare the characteristics between both modalities for accurately detecting CPR-related rib fractures. This single-centre observational study included adult patients with autopsy records and PMCT scans at our institution from January 2013 to March 2019. CPR-related rib fractures were evaluated using autopsy and PMCT findings. In 62 patients enrolled, 339 rib fractures were detected on autopsy and/or PMCT (222 fractures on both PMCT and autopsy, 69 on PMCT alone, and 50 on autopsy alone). The agreement of detection for both modalities was substantial (kappa coefficient, 0.78). In the logistic regression model, incomplete fractures detected by PMCT and age <75 years were significantly associated with findings that were negative on autopsy but positive on PMCT, while rib number (ribs 1–3 and 7–12) and fracture location (posterolateral and paravertebral) were significantly associated with negative PMCT findings but positive autopsy findings. Autopsy and PMCT showed complementary roles, and are thus necessary in accurately detecting CPR-related rib fractures. Combining both modalities may contribute to improved CPR quality and better understanding of discrepancy in characteristics between the two modalities.