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Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece

(1) Background: To explore the effects of the 2008 economic crisis on maternal, perinatal and infant mortality in Greece and the socio-economic determinants associated with them; (2) Methods: The annual rates of stillbirth (SBR), perinatal mortality (PMR), infant mortality (IMR), neonatal mortality...

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Autores principales: Zilidis, Christos, Hadjichristodoulou, Christos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932859
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186606
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author Zilidis, Christos
Hadjichristodoulou, Christos
author_facet Zilidis, Christos
Hadjichristodoulou, Christos
author_sort Zilidis, Christos
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: To explore the effects of the 2008 economic crisis on maternal, perinatal and infant mortality in Greece and the socio-economic determinants associated with them; (2) Methods: The annual rates of stillbirth (SBR), perinatal mortality (PMR), infant mortality (IMR), neonatal mortality (NNMR), post-neonatal mortality (PNMR), low birth weight (LBW), and maternal mortality (MMR) were calculated for the years 2000–2016. Average Annual Percent Changes (AAPC) were calculated by the period before and after 2008. The expected rates of 2009–2016 and the observed-to-expected rate ratios (RR) were calculated. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the impact of socio-economic variables on health outcomes; (3) Results: A reverse in downwards trends of PNM, IMR, and NNMR is observed since 2009. All observed values of 2009–2016 were found significantly higher than the expected ones by 12–34%. All indicators except SBR were found negatively correlated with GDP and DHI. A positive correlation was found between IMR, NNMR, and LBW and long-term unemployment, and no association with public health expenditure; (4) Conclusions: Economic crisis was associated with remarkable adverse effects on perinatal outcomes and infant mortality, mainly determined by long-term unemployment and income reduction. The findings stress a need for interventions to protect maternity and child health during crises.
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spelling pubmed-75573662020-10-20 Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece Zilidis, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Christos Int J Environ Res Public Health Article (1) Background: To explore the effects of the 2008 economic crisis on maternal, perinatal and infant mortality in Greece and the socio-economic determinants associated with them; (2) Methods: The annual rates of stillbirth (SBR), perinatal mortality (PMR), infant mortality (IMR), neonatal mortality (NNMR), post-neonatal mortality (PNMR), low birth weight (LBW), and maternal mortality (MMR) were calculated for the years 2000–2016. Average Annual Percent Changes (AAPC) were calculated by the period before and after 2008. The expected rates of 2009–2016 and the observed-to-expected rate ratios (RR) were calculated. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the impact of socio-economic variables on health outcomes; (3) Results: A reverse in downwards trends of PNM, IMR, and NNMR is observed since 2009. All observed values of 2009–2016 were found significantly higher than the expected ones by 12–34%. All indicators except SBR were found negatively correlated with GDP and DHI. A positive correlation was found between IMR, NNMR, and LBW and long-term unemployment, and no association with public health expenditure; (4) Conclusions: Economic crisis was associated with remarkable adverse effects on perinatal outcomes and infant mortality, mainly determined by long-term unemployment and income reduction. The findings stress a need for interventions to protect maternity and child health during crises. MDPI 2020-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7557366/ /pubmed/32932859 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186606 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zilidis, Christos
Hadjichristodoulou, Christos
Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece
title Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece
title_full Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece
title_fullStr Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece
title_full_unstemmed Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece
title_short Economic Crisis Impact and Social Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes and Infant Mortality in Greece
title_sort economic crisis impact and social determinants of perinatal outcomes and infant mortality in greece
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932859
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186606
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