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Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In fungi, these structures were first described in Cryptococcus neoformans and, since then, they were characterized in several pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species. Cryptococcal EVs participate in the export of virulence facto...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32948010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090754 |
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author | de Oliveira, Haroldo C. Castelli, Rafael F. Reis, Flavia C. G. Rizzo, Juliana Rodrigues, Marcio L. |
author_facet | de Oliveira, Haroldo C. Castelli, Rafael F. Reis, Flavia C. G. Rizzo, Juliana Rodrigues, Marcio L. |
author_sort | de Oliveira, Haroldo C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In fungi, these structures were first described in Cryptococcus neoformans and, since then, they were characterized in several pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species. Cryptococcal EVs participate in the export of virulence factors that directly impact the Cryptococcus–host interaction. Our knowledge of the biogenesis and pathogenic roles of Cryptococcus EVs is still limited, but recent methodological and scientific advances have improved our understanding of how cryptococcal EVs participate in both physiological and pathogenic events. In this review, we will discuss the importance of cryptococcal EVs, including early historical studies suggesting their existence in Cryptococcus, their putative mechanisms of biogenesis, methods of isolation, and possible roles in the interaction with host cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7557404 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75574042020-10-20 Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles de Oliveira, Haroldo C. Castelli, Rafael F. Reis, Flavia C. G. Rizzo, Juliana Rodrigues, Marcio L. Pathogens Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In fungi, these structures were first described in Cryptococcus neoformans and, since then, they were characterized in several pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species. Cryptococcal EVs participate in the export of virulence factors that directly impact the Cryptococcus–host interaction. Our knowledge of the biogenesis and pathogenic roles of Cryptococcus EVs is still limited, but recent methodological and scientific advances have improved our understanding of how cryptococcal EVs participate in both physiological and pathogenic events. In this review, we will discuss the importance of cryptococcal EVs, including early historical studies suggesting their existence in Cryptococcus, their putative mechanisms of biogenesis, methods of isolation, and possible roles in the interaction with host cells. MDPI 2020-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7557404/ /pubmed/32948010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090754 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review de Oliveira, Haroldo C. Castelli, Rafael F. Reis, Flavia C. G. Rizzo, Juliana Rodrigues, Marcio L. Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles |
title | Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full | Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles |
title_fullStr | Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles |
title_short | Pathogenic Delivery: The Biological Roles of Cryptococcal Extracellular Vesicles |
title_sort | pathogenic delivery: the biological roles of cryptococcal extracellular vesicles |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32948010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090754 |
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