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Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is among the most significant problems in the poultry industry worldwide, representing a serious threat to international trade. Despite the fact that the mgc2 gene has been widely used for diagnostic and molecular characterization purposes, there is a lack of evidence s...

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Autores principales: De la Cruz, Laura, Barrera, Maritza, Rios, Liliam, Corona-González, Belkis, Bulnes, Carlos A., Díaz-Sánchez, Adrian A., A. Agüero, Jose, Lobo-Rivero, Evelyn, Pérez, Lester J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825097
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090674
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author De la Cruz, Laura
Barrera, Maritza
Rios, Liliam
Corona-González, Belkis
Bulnes, Carlos A.
Díaz-Sánchez, Adrian A.
A. Agüero, Jose
Lobo-Rivero, Evelyn
Pérez, Lester J.
author_facet De la Cruz, Laura
Barrera, Maritza
Rios, Liliam
Corona-González, Belkis
Bulnes, Carlos A.
Díaz-Sánchez, Adrian A.
A. Agüero, Jose
Lobo-Rivero, Evelyn
Pérez, Lester J.
author_sort De la Cruz, Laura
collection PubMed
description Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is among the most significant problems in the poultry industry worldwide, representing a serious threat to international trade. Despite the fact that the mgc2 gene has been widely used for diagnostic and molecular characterization purposes, there is a lack of evidence supporting the reliability of this gene as a marker for molecular epidemiology approaches. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the accuracy of the mgc2 gene for phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic evaluations. Furthermore, the global phylodynamic expansion of MG is described, and the origin and extension of the outbreak caused by MG in Ecuador were tracked and characterized. The results obtained strongly supported the use of the mgc2 gene as a reliable phylogenetic marker and accurate estimator for the temporal and phylogeographic structure reconstruction of MG. The phylodynamic analysis denoted the failures in the current policies to control MG and highlighted the imperative need to implement more sensitive methodologies of diagnosis and more efficient vaccines. Framed in Ecuador, the present study provides the first piece of evidence of the circulation of virulent field MG strains in Ecuadorian commercial poultry. The findings derived from the current study provide novel and significant insights into the origin, diversification, and evolutionary process of MG globally.
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spelling pubmed-75578142020-10-22 Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador De la Cruz, Laura Barrera, Maritza Rios, Liliam Corona-González, Belkis Bulnes, Carlos A. Díaz-Sánchez, Adrian A. A. Agüero, Jose Lobo-Rivero, Evelyn Pérez, Lester J. Pathogens Article Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is among the most significant problems in the poultry industry worldwide, representing a serious threat to international trade. Despite the fact that the mgc2 gene has been widely used for diagnostic and molecular characterization purposes, there is a lack of evidence supporting the reliability of this gene as a marker for molecular epidemiology approaches. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the accuracy of the mgc2 gene for phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic evaluations. Furthermore, the global phylodynamic expansion of MG is described, and the origin and extension of the outbreak caused by MG in Ecuador were tracked and characterized. The results obtained strongly supported the use of the mgc2 gene as a reliable phylogenetic marker and accurate estimator for the temporal and phylogeographic structure reconstruction of MG. The phylodynamic analysis denoted the failures in the current policies to control MG and highlighted the imperative need to implement more sensitive methodologies of diagnosis and more efficient vaccines. Framed in Ecuador, the present study provides the first piece of evidence of the circulation of virulent field MG strains in Ecuadorian commercial poultry. The findings derived from the current study provide novel and significant insights into the origin, diversification, and evolutionary process of MG globally. MDPI 2020-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7557814/ /pubmed/32825097 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090674 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
De la Cruz, Laura
Barrera, Maritza
Rios, Liliam
Corona-González, Belkis
Bulnes, Carlos A.
Díaz-Sánchez, Adrian A.
A. Agüero, Jose
Lobo-Rivero, Evelyn
Pérez, Lester J.
Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador
title Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador
title_full Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador
title_fullStr Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador
title_short Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador
title_sort unraveling the global phylodynamic and phylogeographic expansion of mycoplasma gallisepticum: understanding the origin and expansion of this pathogen in ecuador
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825097
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090674
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