Cargando…

Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh

Avian influenza (AI) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in Bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2. Among avian influenza A viruses (AIV), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. Captive...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hassan, Mohammad M., El Zowalaty, Mohamed E., Islam, Ariful, Rahman, Md. M., Chowdhury, Md. N. U., Nine, Hatem S. M. Z., Rahman, Md. K., Järhult, Josef D., Hoque, Md. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7558454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32882787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030122
_version_ 1783594643868352512
author Hassan, Mohammad M.
El Zowalaty, Mohamed E.
Islam, Ariful
Rahman, Md. M.
Chowdhury, Md. N. U.
Nine, Hatem S. M. Z.
Rahman, Md. K.
Järhult, Josef D.
Hoque, Md. A.
author_facet Hassan, Mohammad M.
El Zowalaty, Mohamed E.
Islam, Ariful
Rahman, Md. M.
Chowdhury, Md. N. U.
Nine, Hatem S. M. Z.
Rahman, Md. K.
Järhult, Josef D.
Hoque, Md. A.
author_sort Hassan, Mohammad M.
collection PubMed
description Avian influenza (AI) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in Bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2. Among avian influenza A viruses (AIV), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. Captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in Bangladesh. To screen for AIV in captive birds to assess potential public health threats, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two safari parks and one zoo in Bangladesh for four months, from November to December 2013 and from January to February 2014. We collected blood samples, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs from 228 birds. We tested serum samples for AIV antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and AIV sero-subtype H5, H7, and H9 using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Swab samples were tested for the presence of avian influenza viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Across all the samples, AIV antibody prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–14.2, n = 228) and AIV HA subtype H5, H7 and H9 sero-prevalence was 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228), 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228) and 6.6% (95% CI: 3.72–10.6, n = 228), respectively. No AI viral RNA (M-gene) was detected in any swab sample (0%, 95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228). Birds in the Safari park at Cox’s Bazar had a higher prevalence in both AIV antibody prevalence (13.5%) and AIV H9 sero-prevalence (9.6%) than any of the other sites, although the difference was not statistically significant. Among eight species of birds, Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) had the highest sero-positivity for both AIV antibody prevalence (26.1%) and AIV H9 prevalence (17.4%) followed by Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) with AIV antibody prevalence of 18.2% and AIV H9 prevalence of 11.4%. Our results highlight the presence of AI antibodies indicating low pathogenic AIV mingling in captive birds in zoos and safari parks in Bangladesh. Continuous programmed surveillance is therefore recommended to help better understand the diversity of AIVs and provide a clear picture of AI in captive wild birds, enabling interventions to reduce the risk of AIV transmission to humans.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7558454
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-75584542020-10-26 Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh Hassan, Mohammad M. El Zowalaty, Mohamed E. Islam, Ariful Rahman, Md. M. Chowdhury, Md. N. U. Nine, Hatem S. M. Z. Rahman, Md. K. Järhult, Josef D. Hoque, Md. A. Vet Sci Article Avian influenza (AI) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in Bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2. Among avian influenza A viruses (AIV), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. Captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in Bangladesh. To screen for AIV in captive birds to assess potential public health threats, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two safari parks and one zoo in Bangladesh for four months, from November to December 2013 and from January to February 2014. We collected blood samples, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs from 228 birds. We tested serum samples for AIV antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and AIV sero-subtype H5, H7, and H9 using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Swab samples were tested for the presence of avian influenza viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Across all the samples, AIV antibody prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–14.2, n = 228) and AIV HA subtype H5, H7 and H9 sero-prevalence was 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228), 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228) and 6.6% (95% CI: 3.72–10.6, n = 228), respectively. No AI viral RNA (M-gene) was detected in any swab sample (0%, 95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228). Birds in the Safari park at Cox’s Bazar had a higher prevalence in both AIV antibody prevalence (13.5%) and AIV H9 sero-prevalence (9.6%) than any of the other sites, although the difference was not statistically significant. Among eight species of birds, Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) had the highest sero-positivity for both AIV antibody prevalence (26.1%) and AIV H9 prevalence (17.4%) followed by Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) with AIV antibody prevalence of 18.2% and AIV H9 prevalence of 11.4%. Our results highlight the presence of AI antibodies indicating low pathogenic AIV mingling in captive birds in zoos and safari parks in Bangladesh. Continuous programmed surveillance is therefore recommended to help better understand the diversity of AIVs and provide a clear picture of AI in captive wild birds, enabling interventions to reduce the risk of AIV transmission to humans. MDPI 2020-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7558454/ /pubmed/32882787 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030122 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hassan, Mohammad M.
El Zowalaty, Mohamed E.
Islam, Ariful
Rahman, Md. M.
Chowdhury, Md. N. U.
Nine, Hatem S. M. Z.
Rahman, Md. K.
Järhult, Josef D.
Hoque, Md. A.
Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
title Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
title_full Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
title_short Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh
title_sort serological evidence of avian influenza in captive wild birds in a zoo and two safari parks in bangladesh
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7558454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32882787
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030122
work_keys_str_mv AT hassanmohammadm serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT elzowalatymohamede serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT islamariful serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT rahmanmdm serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT chowdhurymdnu serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT ninehatemsmz serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT rahmanmdk serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT jarhultjosefd serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh
AT hoquemda serologicalevidenceofavianinfluenzaincaptivewildbirdsinazooandtwosafariparksinbangladesh