Cargando…

Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model

Background: Physical self-perception is often related with better physical fitness perception in adolescents. Moreover, it is an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in this population. However, this relationship is unequal between boys and girls. The physical fit...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ruiz-Montero, Pedro Jesús, Chiva-Bartoll, Oscar, Baena-Extremera, Antonio, Hortigüela-Alcalá, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962276
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186871
_version_ 1783594802367954944
author Ruiz-Montero, Pedro Jesús
Chiva-Bartoll, Oscar
Baena-Extremera, Antonio
Hortigüela-Alcalá, David
author_facet Ruiz-Montero, Pedro Jesús
Chiva-Bartoll, Oscar
Baena-Extremera, Antonio
Hortigüela-Alcalá, David
author_sort Ruiz-Montero, Pedro Jesús
collection PubMed
description Background: Physical self-perception is often related with better physical fitness perception in adolescents. Moreover, it is an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in this population. However, this relationship is unequal between boys and girls. The physical fitness is a marker of health in young population. The aims of the present study were the following: (1) to compare physical self-perception and self-reported overall physical fitness (OPF) between boys and girls (gender) and body mass index (BMI) status, and (2) to determine the mediating role of all physical self-perception subscales (except physical condition) and BMI status in the link between gender and OPF in adolescent students. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 85 adolescent students of secondary school between 12 and 17 years of age; 41 were boys (M(age) = 14.6, SD = 1.7) and 44 were girls (M(age) = 14.4, SD = 1.6). Adolescent participants completed all clinical characteristics by body composition measures (age, body weight, body height, and BMI). Physical self-perception was assessed by the physical self-perception profile (PSPP) whereas the international fitness scale (IFIS) was used to predict the self-reported OPF of adolescents in the present study. Results: Gender (boys and girls) differed significantly in all PSPP subscales and OPF, whereas the BMI status (underweight = 19 students, normal weight = 53 students, overweight/obese = 13 students) showed significant differences in all clinical characteristics, physical condition (PSPP), and OPF. A multiple mediation analysis was performed using bias corrected bootstrap. This multiple mediation analysis revealed that all PSPP subscales were significant mediators between gender and OPF: attractive body (p = 0.013), sport competence (p = 0.009), physical strength (p = 0.002), and self-confidence (p = 0.002). The total direct effect of gender on OPF was significant (p = 0.002). Moreover, the multiple mediation estimated a completely standardized indirect of X on Y for attractive body (effect = 0.109), sport competence (effect = 0.066), physical strength (effect = 0.130), and self-confidence (effect = 0.193). Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding the link between gender and OPF in adolescent students and the mediation of physical self-perception and OPF in this relationship. In addition, strategies focused to improve self-confidence and physical self-perception are necessary in female adolescent students, because boys showed better physical self-perception in all PSPP subscales. Girls are a risk group because they report low physical self-confidence with their respective insecurity feelings and psychological disorders. Thus, personal physical self-perception must be considered as an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in children and adolescents.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7559180
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-75591802020-10-29 Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model Ruiz-Montero, Pedro Jesús Chiva-Bartoll, Oscar Baena-Extremera, Antonio Hortigüela-Alcalá, David Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Physical self-perception is often related with better physical fitness perception in adolescents. Moreover, it is an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in this population. However, this relationship is unequal between boys and girls. The physical fitness is a marker of health in young population. The aims of the present study were the following: (1) to compare physical self-perception and self-reported overall physical fitness (OPF) between boys and girls (gender) and body mass index (BMI) status, and (2) to determine the mediating role of all physical self-perception subscales (except physical condition) and BMI status in the link between gender and OPF in adolescent students. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 85 adolescent students of secondary school between 12 and 17 years of age; 41 were boys (M(age) = 14.6, SD = 1.7) and 44 were girls (M(age) = 14.4, SD = 1.6). Adolescent participants completed all clinical characteristics by body composition measures (age, body weight, body height, and BMI). Physical self-perception was assessed by the physical self-perception profile (PSPP) whereas the international fitness scale (IFIS) was used to predict the self-reported OPF of adolescents in the present study. Results: Gender (boys and girls) differed significantly in all PSPP subscales and OPF, whereas the BMI status (underweight = 19 students, normal weight = 53 students, overweight/obese = 13 students) showed significant differences in all clinical characteristics, physical condition (PSPP), and OPF. A multiple mediation analysis was performed using bias corrected bootstrap. This multiple mediation analysis revealed that all PSPP subscales were significant mediators between gender and OPF: attractive body (p = 0.013), sport competence (p = 0.009), physical strength (p = 0.002), and self-confidence (p = 0.002). The total direct effect of gender on OPF was significant (p = 0.002). Moreover, the multiple mediation estimated a completely standardized indirect of X on Y for attractive body (effect = 0.109), sport competence (effect = 0.066), physical strength (effect = 0.130), and self-confidence (effect = 0.193). Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding the link between gender and OPF in adolescent students and the mediation of physical self-perception and OPF in this relationship. In addition, strategies focused to improve self-confidence and physical self-perception are necessary in female adolescent students, because boys showed better physical self-perception in all PSPP subscales. Girls are a risk group because they report low physical self-confidence with their respective insecurity feelings and psychological disorders. Thus, personal physical self-perception must be considered as an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in children and adolescents. MDPI 2020-09-20 2020-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7559180/ /pubmed/32962276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186871 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ruiz-Montero, Pedro Jesús
Chiva-Bartoll, Oscar
Baena-Extremera, Antonio
Hortigüela-Alcalá, David
Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model
title Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model
title_full Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model
title_fullStr Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model
title_full_unstemmed Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model
title_short Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model
title_sort gender, physical self-perception and overall physical fitness in secondary school students: a multiple mediation model
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962276
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186871
work_keys_str_mv AT ruizmonteropedrojesus genderphysicalselfperceptionandoverallphysicalfitnessinsecondaryschoolstudentsamultiplemediationmodel
AT chivabartolloscar genderphysicalselfperceptionandoverallphysicalfitnessinsecondaryschoolstudentsamultiplemediationmodel
AT baenaextremeraantonio genderphysicalselfperceptionandoverallphysicalfitnessinsecondaryschoolstudentsamultiplemediationmodel
AT hortiguelaalcaladavid genderphysicalselfperceptionandoverallphysicalfitnessinsecondaryschoolstudentsamultiplemediationmodel