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Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms

The vast majority of medicines in pig rearing are administered via oral group medication through medicated feed and drinking water. However, relevant on-farm factors affecting the concentration of these drugs in feed and drinking water, such as the homogeneity, stability, and cross-contamination, ar...

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Autores principales: Vandael, Femke, de Carvalho Ferreira, Helena Cardoso, Devreese, Mathias, Dewulf, Jeroen, Daeseleire, Els, Eeckhout, Mia, Croubels, Siska
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878274
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090563
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author Vandael, Femke
de Carvalho Ferreira, Helena Cardoso
Devreese, Mathias
Dewulf, Jeroen
Daeseleire, Els
Eeckhout, Mia
Croubels, Siska
author_facet Vandael, Femke
de Carvalho Ferreira, Helena Cardoso
Devreese, Mathias
Dewulf, Jeroen
Daeseleire, Els
Eeckhout, Mia
Croubels, Siska
author_sort Vandael, Femke
collection PubMed
description The vast majority of medicines in pig rearing are administered via oral group medication through medicated feed and drinking water. However, relevant on-farm factors affecting the concentration of these drugs in feed and drinking water, such as the homogeneity, stability, and cross-contamination, are largely unknown. To characterize these factors, samples of medicated feed and drinking water were taken on 24 Belgian pig farms during treatment and 2 days thereafter, as well as at different on-farm sampling sites from production to feeding troughs or drinking nipples. The samples contained amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol, or flubendazole. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed. In contrast to the results of medicated feed, results of medicated water showed a large between-farm variation in antimicrobial drug concentration. The therapeutic concentration range was only met in 2 out of 11 farms using medicated feed, and in 3 out of 13 farms using medicated water. Medicated feed concentrations were often below the therapeutic concentration range mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics, while drinking water concentrations were just as often above as they were below the advised target concentration range. Drug residues measured 2 days after the end of therapy with both feed and water medication rarely exceeded 1% of the lowest therapeutic concentration. This study demonstrates that recommendations on good clinical practices for oral group medication in the pig industry are highly needed.
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spelling pubmed-75592492020-10-29 Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms Vandael, Femke de Carvalho Ferreira, Helena Cardoso Devreese, Mathias Dewulf, Jeroen Daeseleire, Els Eeckhout, Mia Croubels, Siska Antibiotics (Basel) Article The vast majority of medicines in pig rearing are administered via oral group medication through medicated feed and drinking water. However, relevant on-farm factors affecting the concentration of these drugs in feed and drinking water, such as the homogeneity, stability, and cross-contamination, are largely unknown. To characterize these factors, samples of medicated feed and drinking water were taken on 24 Belgian pig farms during treatment and 2 days thereafter, as well as at different on-farm sampling sites from production to feeding troughs or drinking nipples. The samples contained amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol, or flubendazole. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed. In contrast to the results of medicated feed, results of medicated water showed a large between-farm variation in antimicrobial drug concentration. The therapeutic concentration range was only met in 2 out of 11 farms using medicated feed, and in 3 out of 13 farms using medicated water. Medicated feed concentrations were often below the therapeutic concentration range mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics, while drinking water concentrations were just as often above as they were below the advised target concentration range. Drug residues measured 2 days after the end of therapy with both feed and water medication rarely exceeded 1% of the lowest therapeutic concentration. This study demonstrates that recommendations on good clinical practices for oral group medication in the pig industry are highly needed. MDPI 2020-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7559249/ /pubmed/32878274 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090563 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vandael, Femke
de Carvalho Ferreira, Helena Cardoso
Devreese, Mathias
Dewulf, Jeroen
Daeseleire, Els
Eeckhout, Mia
Croubels, Siska
Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms
title Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms
title_full Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms
title_fullStr Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms
title_full_unstemmed Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms
title_short Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms
title_sort stability, homogeneity and carry-over of amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol and flubendazole in medicated feed and drinking water on 24 pig farms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878274
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090563
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