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Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment

Titanium-based implant abutments and tissue bars are polished during the finalization. We hypothesized that polishing degrades the bioactivity of titanium, and, if this is the case, photofunctionalization-grade UV treatment can alleviate the adverse effect. Three groups of titanium disks were prepar...

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Autores principales: Okubo, Takahisa, Ikeda, Takayuki, Saruta, Juri, Tsukimura, Naoki, Hirota, Makoto, Ogawa, Takahiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32906598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183946
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author Okubo, Takahisa
Ikeda, Takayuki
Saruta, Juri
Tsukimura, Naoki
Hirota, Makoto
Ogawa, Takahiro
author_facet Okubo, Takahisa
Ikeda, Takayuki
Saruta, Juri
Tsukimura, Naoki
Hirota, Makoto
Ogawa, Takahiro
author_sort Okubo, Takahisa
collection PubMed
description Titanium-based implant abutments and tissue bars are polished during the finalization. We hypothesized that polishing degrades the bioactivity of titanium, and, if this is the case, photofunctionalization-grade UV treatment can alleviate the adverse effect. Three groups of titanium disks were prepared; machined surface, polished surface and polished surface followed by UV treatment (polished/UV surface). Polishing was performed by the sequential use of greenstone and silicon rubber burs. UV treatment was performed using a UV device for 12 min. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity was examined by the contact angle of ddH(2)O. The surface morphology and chemistry of titanium were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Human epithelium cells were seeded on titanium disks. The number of cells attached, the spreading behavior of cells and the retention on titanium surfaces were examined. The polished surfaces were smooth with only minor scratches, while the machined surfaces showed traces and metal flashes made by machine-turning. The polished surfaces showed a significantly increased percentage of surface carbon compared to machined surfaces. The carbon percentage on polished/UV surfaces was even lower than that on machined surfaces. A silicon element was detected on polished surfaces but not on polished/UV surfaces. Both machined and polished surfaces were hydrophobic, whereas polished/UV surfaces were hydrophilic. The number of attached cells after 24 h of incubation was 60% lower on polished surfaces than on machined surfaces. The number of attached cells on polished/UV surfaces was even higher than that on machined surfaces. The size and perimeter of cells, which was significantly reduced on polished surfaces, were fully restored on polished/UV surfaces. The number of cells remained adherent after mechanical detachment was reduced to half on polished surfaces compared to machined surfaces. The number of adherent cells on polished/UV surfaces was two times higher than on machined surfaces. In conclusion, polishing titanium causes chemical contamination, while smoothing its surface significantly compromised the attachment and retention of human epithelial cells. The UV treatment of polished titanium surfaces reversed these adverse effects and even outperformed the inherent bioactivity of the original titanium.
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spelling pubmed-75598262020-10-29 Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment Okubo, Takahisa Ikeda, Takayuki Saruta, Juri Tsukimura, Naoki Hirota, Makoto Ogawa, Takahiro Materials (Basel) Article Titanium-based implant abutments and tissue bars are polished during the finalization. We hypothesized that polishing degrades the bioactivity of titanium, and, if this is the case, photofunctionalization-grade UV treatment can alleviate the adverse effect. Three groups of titanium disks were prepared; machined surface, polished surface and polished surface followed by UV treatment (polished/UV surface). Polishing was performed by the sequential use of greenstone and silicon rubber burs. UV treatment was performed using a UV device for 12 min. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity was examined by the contact angle of ddH(2)O. The surface morphology and chemistry of titanium were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Human epithelium cells were seeded on titanium disks. The number of cells attached, the spreading behavior of cells and the retention on titanium surfaces were examined. The polished surfaces were smooth with only minor scratches, while the machined surfaces showed traces and metal flashes made by machine-turning. The polished surfaces showed a significantly increased percentage of surface carbon compared to machined surfaces. The carbon percentage on polished/UV surfaces was even lower than that on machined surfaces. A silicon element was detected on polished surfaces but not on polished/UV surfaces. Both machined and polished surfaces were hydrophobic, whereas polished/UV surfaces were hydrophilic. The number of attached cells after 24 h of incubation was 60% lower on polished surfaces than on machined surfaces. The number of attached cells on polished/UV surfaces was even higher than that on machined surfaces. The size and perimeter of cells, which was significantly reduced on polished surfaces, were fully restored on polished/UV surfaces. The number of cells remained adherent after mechanical detachment was reduced to half on polished surfaces compared to machined surfaces. The number of adherent cells on polished/UV surfaces was two times higher than on machined surfaces. In conclusion, polishing titanium causes chemical contamination, while smoothing its surface significantly compromised the attachment and retention of human epithelial cells. The UV treatment of polished titanium surfaces reversed these adverse effects and even outperformed the inherent bioactivity of the original titanium. MDPI 2020-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7559826/ /pubmed/32906598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183946 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Okubo, Takahisa
Ikeda, Takayuki
Saruta, Juri
Tsukimura, Naoki
Hirota, Makoto
Ogawa, Takahiro
Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment
title Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment
title_full Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment
title_fullStr Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment
title_short Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment
title_sort compromised epithelial cell attachment after polishing titanium surface and its restoration by uv treatment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32906598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183946
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