A case of endovascular therapy for treating idiopathic arterial deteriorations of unknown etiology

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral artery pseudoaneurysm as a consequence of arterial deterioration is relatively rare in young populations, who typically lack an atherosclerotic background. Such pseudoaneurysms are known to pose a risk of rupture, which is correlated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Pseudoaneurysms are more prone to rupture than true aneurysms are, as their vessel walls tear more easily. We present the case of a 50-year-old patient who had multiple arterial deteriorations. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient experienced backache, and computed tomography revealed a tear of the right renal artery, and a pseudoaneurysm of the left internal iliac artery. He had a history of graft replacement for the right superficial artery pseudoaneurysm, which had been occluded. Although various tests were performed for differential diagnosis, the etiology was unidentified. Considering the suspected vascular fragility and failure of previous direct intervention, these 2 lesions were treated by placing endografts simultaneously. DISCUSSION: We investigated various diseases causing vascular fragility in the reported case, such as vascular Behçet disease, vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibromuscular dysplasia, and segmental arterial mediolysis. However, these were all excluded and the etiology remains unclear. Progress in endovascular techniques enables the use of minimally invasive treatment in patients with vascular fragility. CONCLUSION: When vascular fragility may exist, endovascular treatment is a desirable option, as it can be performed repetitively and is less invasive.