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New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
This narrative review describes an overview of the multiple effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its potential neurobiological targets. It addressed the following aspects: 1) MPH effects on attention and executive functions in ADHD; 2) the relation...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561436/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132928 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531092 |
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author | Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda Spiridigliozzi, Simonetta Bartolucci, Elisa Esposito, Susanna Pasini, Augusto |
author_facet | Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda Spiridigliozzi, Simonetta Bartolucci, Elisa Esposito, Susanna Pasini, Augusto |
author_sort | Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda |
collection | PubMed |
description | This narrative review describes an overview of the multiple effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its potential neurobiological targets. It addressed the following aspects: 1) MPH effects on attention and executive functions in ADHD; 2) the relation between MPH efficacy and dopamine transporter gene (DAT) polymorphism; and 3) the role of MPH as an epigenetic modulator in ADHD. Literature analysis showed that MPH, the most commonly used psychostimulant in the therapy of ADHD, acts on multiple components of the disorder. Marked improvements in attentional and executive dysfunction have been observed in children with ADHD during treatment with MPH, as well as reductions in neurological soft signs. MPH efficacy may be influenced by polymorphisms in the DAT, and better responses to treatment were associated with the 10/10 genotype. Innovative lines of research have suggested that ADHD etiopathogenesis and its neuropsychological phenotypes also depend on the expression levels of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). In particular, several studies have revealed that ADHD is associated with HERV-H over-expression and that MPH administration results in decreased expression levels of this retroviral family and a reduction in the main symptoms of the disorder. In conclusion, there is a confirmed role for MPH as an elective drug in the therapy of ADHD alone or in association with behavioral therapy. Its effectiveness can vary based on DAT polymorphisms and can act as a modulator of HERV-H gene expression, pointing to targets for a precision medicine approach. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7561436 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75614362020-10-30 New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda Spiridigliozzi, Simonetta Bartolucci, Elisa Esposito, Susanna Pasini, Augusto Front Psychiatry Psychiatry This narrative review describes an overview of the multiple effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its potential neurobiological targets. It addressed the following aspects: 1) MPH effects on attention and executive functions in ADHD; 2) the relation between MPH efficacy and dopamine transporter gene (DAT) polymorphism; and 3) the role of MPH as an epigenetic modulator in ADHD. Literature analysis showed that MPH, the most commonly used psychostimulant in the therapy of ADHD, acts on multiple components of the disorder. Marked improvements in attentional and executive dysfunction have been observed in children with ADHD during treatment with MPH, as well as reductions in neurological soft signs. MPH efficacy may be influenced by polymorphisms in the DAT, and better responses to treatment were associated with the 10/10 genotype. Innovative lines of research have suggested that ADHD etiopathogenesis and its neuropsychological phenotypes also depend on the expression levels of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). In particular, several studies have revealed that ADHD is associated with HERV-H over-expression and that MPH administration results in decreased expression levels of this retroviral family and a reduction in the main symptoms of the disorder. In conclusion, there is a confirmed role for MPH as an elective drug in the therapy of ADHD alone or in association with behavioral therapy. Its effectiveness can vary based on DAT polymorphisms and can act as a modulator of HERV-H gene expression, pointing to targets for a precision medicine approach. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7561436/ /pubmed/33132928 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531092 Text en Copyright © 2020 Pitzianti, Spiridigliozzi, Bartolucci, Esposito and Pasini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda Spiridigliozzi, Simonetta Bartolucci, Elisa Esposito, Susanna Pasini, Augusto New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
title | New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
title_full | New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
title_fullStr | New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
title_short | New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
title_sort | new insights on the effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561436/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132928 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531092 |
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