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Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases

Acute or chronic non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases have multiple causes, degrees of severity, and a wide range of management. Some situations require emergency care while others do not need specific treatment. Although the diagnosis may be suspected on chest X-ray, it is mainly based on CT...

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Autores principales: Tabotta, Flavian, Ferretti, Gilbert R., Prosch, Helmut, Boussouar, Samia, Brun, Anne-Laure, Roos, Justus E., Ebner, Lukas, Letovanec, Igor, Brauner, Michel, Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057984
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00909-z
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author Tabotta, Flavian
Ferretti, Gilbert R.
Prosch, Helmut
Boussouar, Samia
Brun, Anne-Laure
Roos, Justus E.
Ebner, Lukas
Letovanec, Igor
Brauner, Michel
Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine
author_facet Tabotta, Flavian
Ferretti, Gilbert R.
Prosch, Helmut
Boussouar, Samia
Brun, Anne-Laure
Roos, Justus E.
Ebner, Lukas
Letovanec, Igor
Brauner, Michel
Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine
author_sort Tabotta, Flavian
collection PubMed
description Acute or chronic non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases have multiple causes, degrees of severity, and a wide range of management. Some situations require emergency care while others do not need specific treatment. Although the diagnosis may be suspected on chest X-ray, it is mainly based on CT. A delayed recognition is not uncommonly observed. Some findings may prompt the radiologist to look for specific associated injuries or lesions. This pictorial review will successively describe the various non-neoplastic causes of diffuse mediastinal diseases with their typical findings and major differentials. First, pneumomediastinum that can be provoked by extra- or intra-thoracic triggers requires the knowledge of patient’s history or recent occurrences. Absence of any usual etiological factor should raise suspicion of cocaine inhalation in young individuals. Next, acute mediastinitis may be related to post-operative complications, esophageal perforation, or contiguous spread of odontogenic or retropharyngeal infections. The former diagnosis is not an easy task in the early stage, owing to the similarities of imaging findings with those of normal post-operative appearance during the first 2–3 weeks. Finally, fibrosing mediastinitis that is linked to an excessive fibrotic reaction in the mediastinum with variable compromise of mediastinal structures, in particular vascular and airway ones. Differential diagnosis includes tumoral and inflammatory infiltrations of the mediastinum.
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spelling pubmed-75616402020-10-19 Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases Tabotta, Flavian Ferretti, Gilbert R. Prosch, Helmut Boussouar, Samia Brun, Anne-Laure Roos, Justus E. Ebner, Lukas Letovanec, Igor Brauner, Michel Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine Insights Imaging Educational Review Acute or chronic non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases have multiple causes, degrees of severity, and a wide range of management. Some situations require emergency care while others do not need specific treatment. Although the diagnosis may be suspected on chest X-ray, it is mainly based on CT. A delayed recognition is not uncommonly observed. Some findings may prompt the radiologist to look for specific associated injuries or lesions. This pictorial review will successively describe the various non-neoplastic causes of diffuse mediastinal diseases with their typical findings and major differentials. First, pneumomediastinum that can be provoked by extra- or intra-thoracic triggers requires the knowledge of patient’s history or recent occurrences. Absence of any usual etiological factor should raise suspicion of cocaine inhalation in young individuals. Next, acute mediastinitis may be related to post-operative complications, esophageal perforation, or contiguous spread of odontogenic or retropharyngeal infections. The former diagnosis is not an easy task in the early stage, owing to the similarities of imaging findings with those of normal post-operative appearance during the first 2–3 weeks. Finally, fibrosing mediastinitis that is linked to an excessive fibrotic reaction in the mediastinum with variable compromise of mediastinal structures, in particular vascular and airway ones. Differential diagnosis includes tumoral and inflammatory infiltrations of the mediastinum. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7561640/ /pubmed/33057984 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00909-z Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Educational Review
Tabotta, Flavian
Ferretti, Gilbert R.
Prosch, Helmut
Boussouar, Samia
Brun, Anne-Laure
Roos, Justus E.
Ebner, Lukas
Letovanec, Igor
Brauner, Michel
Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine
Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
title Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
title_full Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
title_fullStr Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
title_full_unstemmed Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
title_short Imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
title_sort imaging features and differential diagnoses of non-neoplastic diffuse mediastinal diseases
topic Educational Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057984
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00909-z
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