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Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method
Impact force remains the primary cause of foot injury and general discomfort with regard to footwear. The footwear industry traditionally relies on modified elastomers (including natural rubber) whose properties can be physically adjusted by varying the constituents in the rubber formulations. This...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7563865/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32906718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092032 |
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author | Srewaradachpisal, Satta Dechwayukul, Charoenyutr Chatpun, Surapong Spontak, Richard J. Thongruang, Wiriya |
author_facet | Srewaradachpisal, Satta Dechwayukul, Charoenyutr Chatpun, Surapong Spontak, Richard J. Thongruang, Wiriya |
author_sort | Srewaradachpisal, Satta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Impact force remains the primary cause of foot injury and general discomfort with regard to footwear. The footwear industry traditionally relies on modified elastomers (including natural rubber) whose properties can be physically adjusted by varying the constituents in the rubber formulations. This work aims to investigate the effect of filler/plasticizer fractions on shock attenuation of natural rubber soles. The statistical response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the loading of natural rubber, fillers (carbon black and china clay) and a plasticizer (paraffinic oil). A novel predictive equation addressing the effects of additives on the physical and mechanical properties of the shoe sole was successfully created using the RSM. Our results demonstrate how the concentrations of these components regulate final properties, such as impact force absorption and hardness, in the commercial manufacture of shoe soles. While a higher loading level of plasticizer promotes reductions in hardness and impact force, as well as energy dissipation, in these modified elastomers, these properties were improved by increasing the filler content. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7563865 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75638652020-10-27 Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method Srewaradachpisal, Satta Dechwayukul, Charoenyutr Chatpun, Surapong Spontak, Richard J. Thongruang, Wiriya Polymers (Basel) Article Impact force remains the primary cause of foot injury and general discomfort with regard to footwear. The footwear industry traditionally relies on modified elastomers (including natural rubber) whose properties can be physically adjusted by varying the constituents in the rubber formulations. This work aims to investigate the effect of filler/plasticizer fractions on shock attenuation of natural rubber soles. The statistical response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the loading of natural rubber, fillers (carbon black and china clay) and a plasticizer (paraffinic oil). A novel predictive equation addressing the effects of additives on the physical and mechanical properties of the shoe sole was successfully created using the RSM. Our results demonstrate how the concentrations of these components regulate final properties, such as impact force absorption and hardness, in the commercial manufacture of shoe soles. While a higher loading level of plasticizer promotes reductions in hardness and impact force, as well as energy dissipation, in these modified elastomers, these properties were improved by increasing the filler content. MDPI 2020-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7563865/ /pubmed/32906718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092032 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Srewaradachpisal, Satta Dechwayukul, Charoenyutr Chatpun, Surapong Spontak, Richard J. Thongruang, Wiriya Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method |
title | Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method |
title_full | Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method |
title_fullStr | Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method |
title_short | Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method |
title_sort | optimization of the rubber formulation for footwear applications from the response surface method |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7563865/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32906718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092032 |
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