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An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

This study investigated ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants from five districts of the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan. Morphological (n = 104) and molecular (n = 54) characterization of the ticks revealed the presence of six ixodid ticks: Rhipicephalus (Rh.)...

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Autores principales: Ghafar, Abdul, Khan, Adil, Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro, Gauci, Charles G., Niaz, Sadaf, Ayaz, Sultan, Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes, Galon, Clemence, Nasreen, Nasreen, Moutailler, Sara, Gasser, Robin B., Jabbar, Abdul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7563897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957540
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091428
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author Ghafar, Abdul
Khan, Adil
Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro
Gauci, Charles G.
Niaz, Sadaf
Ayaz, Sultan
Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes
Galon, Clemence
Nasreen, Nasreen
Moutailler, Sara
Gasser, Robin B.
Jabbar, Abdul
author_facet Ghafar, Abdul
Khan, Adil
Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro
Gauci, Charles G.
Niaz, Sadaf
Ayaz, Sultan
Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes
Galon, Clemence
Nasreen, Nasreen
Moutailler, Sara
Gasser, Robin B.
Jabbar, Abdul
author_sort Ghafar, Abdul
collection PubMed
description This study investigated ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants from five districts of the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan. Morphological (n = 104) and molecular (n = 54) characterization of the ticks revealed the presence of six ixodid ticks: Rhipicephalus (Rh.) haemaphysaloides, Rh. microplus, Rh. turanicus, Haemaphysalis (Hs.) punctata, Hs. sulcata and Hyalomma anatolicum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S and cytochrome c oxidase 1) and one nuclear (second internal transcribed spacer) DNA regions provided strong support for the grouping of the six tick species identified in this study. Microfluidic real-time PCR, employing multiple pre-validated nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers, detected 11 potential pathogens and endosymbionts in 72.2% of the ticks (n = 54) tested. Rickettsia (R.) massiliae was the most common pathogen found (42.6% of ticks) followed by Theileria spp. (33.3%), Anaplasma (A.) ovis and R. slovaca (25.9% each). Anaplasma centrale, A. marginale, Ehrlichia spp., R. aeschlimannii, R. conorii and endosymbionts (Francisella- and Coxiella-like) were detected at much lower rates (1.9–22.2%) in ticks. Ticks from goats (83.9%) carried significantly higher microorganisms than those from sheep (56.5%). This study demonstrates that ticks of small ruminants from the FATA are carrying multiple microorganisms of veterinary and medical health significance and provides the basis for future investigations of ticks and tick-borne diseases of animals and humans in this and neighboring regions.
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spelling pubmed-75638972020-10-27 An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan Ghafar, Abdul Khan, Adil Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro Gauci, Charles G. Niaz, Sadaf Ayaz, Sultan Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes Galon, Clemence Nasreen, Nasreen Moutailler, Sara Gasser, Robin B. Jabbar, Abdul Microorganisms Article This study investigated ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants from five districts of the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan. Morphological (n = 104) and molecular (n = 54) characterization of the ticks revealed the presence of six ixodid ticks: Rhipicephalus (Rh.) haemaphysaloides, Rh. microplus, Rh. turanicus, Haemaphysalis (Hs.) punctata, Hs. sulcata and Hyalomma anatolicum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S and cytochrome c oxidase 1) and one nuclear (second internal transcribed spacer) DNA regions provided strong support for the grouping of the six tick species identified in this study. Microfluidic real-time PCR, employing multiple pre-validated nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers, detected 11 potential pathogens and endosymbionts in 72.2% of the ticks (n = 54) tested. Rickettsia (R.) massiliae was the most common pathogen found (42.6% of ticks) followed by Theileria spp. (33.3%), Anaplasma (A.) ovis and R. slovaca (25.9% each). Anaplasma centrale, A. marginale, Ehrlichia spp., R. aeschlimannii, R. conorii and endosymbionts (Francisella- and Coxiella-like) were detected at much lower rates (1.9–22.2%) in ticks. Ticks from goats (83.9%) carried significantly higher microorganisms than those from sheep (56.5%). This study demonstrates that ticks of small ruminants from the FATA are carrying multiple microorganisms of veterinary and medical health significance and provides the basis for future investigations of ticks and tick-borne diseases of animals and humans in this and neighboring regions. MDPI 2020-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7563897/ /pubmed/32957540 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091428 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ghafar, Abdul
Khan, Adil
Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro
Gauci, Charles G.
Niaz, Sadaf
Ayaz, Sultan
Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes
Galon, Clemence
Nasreen, Nasreen
Moutailler, Sara
Gasser, Robin B.
Jabbar, Abdul
An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan
title An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan
title_full An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan
title_fullStr An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan
title_short An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan
title_sort assessment of the molecular diversity of ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants in pakistan
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7563897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957540
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091428
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