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Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) hypervariable region (HVR) presents the highest divergence of the entire HEV genome. It is characteristically rich in proline, and so is also known as the “polyproline region” (PPR). HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) exhibits different PPR lengths due to insertions, PPR and/or RNA-d...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564002/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091417 |
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author | Muñoz-Chimeno, Milagros Cenalmor, Alejandro Garcia-Lugo, Maira Alejandra Hernandez, Marta Rodriguez-Lazaro, David Avellon, Ana |
author_facet | Muñoz-Chimeno, Milagros Cenalmor, Alejandro Garcia-Lugo, Maira Alejandra Hernandez, Marta Rodriguez-Lazaro, David Avellon, Ana |
author_sort | Muñoz-Chimeno, Milagros |
collection | PubMed |
description | The hepatitis E virus (HEV) hypervariable region (HVR) presents the highest divergence of the entire HEV genome. It is characteristically rich in proline, and so is also known as the “polyproline region” (PPR). HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) exhibits different PPR lengths due to insertions, PPR and/or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) duplications and deletions. A total of 723 PPR-HEV sequences were analyzed, of which 137 HEV-3 sequences were obtained from clinical specimens (from acute and chronic infection) by Sanger sequencing. Eight swine stool/liver samples were also analyzed. N- and C-terminal fragments were confirmed as being conserved, but they harbored differences between genotypes and were not proline-plentiful regions. The genuine PPR is the intermediate region between them. HEV-3 PPR contains a higher percentage (30.4%) of prolines than other genotypes. We describe for the first time: (1) the specific placement of HEV-3 PPR rearrangements in sites 1 to 14 of the PPR, noting that duplications are more frequently attached to sites 11 and 12 (AAs 74–79 and 113–118, respectively); (2) the cadence of repetitions follows a circular-like pattern of blocks A to J, with F, G, H, and I being the most frequent; (3) a previously unreported insertion homologous to apolipoprotein C1; and (4) the increase in frequency of potential N-glycosylation sites and differences in AAs composition related to duplications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7564002 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75640022020-10-27 Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder Muñoz-Chimeno, Milagros Cenalmor, Alejandro Garcia-Lugo, Maira Alejandra Hernandez, Marta Rodriguez-Lazaro, David Avellon, Ana Microorganisms Article The hepatitis E virus (HEV) hypervariable region (HVR) presents the highest divergence of the entire HEV genome. It is characteristically rich in proline, and so is also known as the “polyproline region” (PPR). HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) exhibits different PPR lengths due to insertions, PPR and/or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) duplications and deletions. A total of 723 PPR-HEV sequences were analyzed, of which 137 HEV-3 sequences were obtained from clinical specimens (from acute and chronic infection) by Sanger sequencing. Eight swine stool/liver samples were also analyzed. N- and C-terminal fragments were confirmed as being conserved, but they harbored differences between genotypes and were not proline-plentiful regions. The genuine PPR is the intermediate region between them. HEV-3 PPR contains a higher percentage (30.4%) of prolines than other genotypes. We describe for the first time: (1) the specific placement of HEV-3 PPR rearrangements in sites 1 to 14 of the PPR, noting that duplications are more frequently attached to sites 11 and 12 (AAs 74–79 and 113–118, respectively); (2) the cadence of repetitions follows a circular-like pattern of blocks A to J, with F, G, H, and I being the most frequent; (3) a previously unreported insertion homologous to apolipoprotein C1; and (4) the increase in frequency of potential N-glycosylation sites and differences in AAs composition related to duplications. MDPI 2020-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7564002/ /pubmed/32942608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091417 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Muñoz-Chimeno, Milagros Cenalmor, Alejandro Garcia-Lugo, Maira Alejandra Hernandez, Marta Rodriguez-Lazaro, David Avellon, Ana Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder |
title | Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder |
title_full | Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder |
title_fullStr | Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder |
title_short | Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder |
title_sort | proline-rich hypervariable region of hepatitis e virus: arranging the disorder |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564002/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091417 |
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