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Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce...

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Autores principales: Vielba-Fernández, Alejandra, Polonio, Álvaro, Ruiz-Jiménez, Laura, de Vicente, Antonio, Pérez-García, Alejandro, Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091431
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author Vielba-Fernández, Alejandra
Polonio, Álvaro
Ruiz-Jiménez, Laura
de Vicente, Antonio
Pérez-García, Alejandro
Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores
author_facet Vielba-Fernández, Alejandra
Polonio, Álvaro
Ruiz-Jiménez, Laura
de Vicente, Antonio
Pérez-García, Alejandro
Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores
author_sort Vielba-Fernández, Alejandra
collection PubMed
description Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce the risk of infection by powdery mildew, they do not provide sufficient protection. Therefore, in practice, chemical control, including the use of fungicides from multiple chemical groups, is the most effective tool for managing powdery mildew. Unfortunately, the risk of resistance development is high because typical spray programs include multiple applications per season. In addition, some of the most economically destructive species of powdery mildew fungi are considered to be high-risk pathogens and are able to develop resistance to several chemical classes within a few years. This situation has decreased the efficacy of the major fungicide classes, such as sterol demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, that are employed against powdery mildews. In this review, we present cases of reduction in sensitivity, development of resistance and failure of control by fungicides that have been or are being used to manage powdery mildew. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to fungicides are also outlined. Finally, a number of recommendations are provided to decrease the probability of resistance development when fungicides are employed.
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spelling pubmed-75643172020-10-26 Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi Vielba-Fernández, Alejandra Polonio, Álvaro Ruiz-Jiménez, Laura de Vicente, Antonio Pérez-García, Alejandro Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores Microorganisms Review Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce the risk of infection by powdery mildew, they do not provide sufficient protection. Therefore, in practice, chemical control, including the use of fungicides from multiple chemical groups, is the most effective tool for managing powdery mildew. Unfortunately, the risk of resistance development is high because typical spray programs include multiple applications per season. In addition, some of the most economically destructive species of powdery mildew fungi are considered to be high-risk pathogens and are able to develop resistance to several chemical classes within a few years. This situation has decreased the efficacy of the major fungicide classes, such as sterol demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, that are employed against powdery mildews. In this review, we present cases of reduction in sensitivity, development of resistance and failure of control by fungicides that have been or are being used to manage powdery mildew. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to fungicides are also outlined. Finally, a number of recommendations are provided to decrease the probability of resistance development when fungicides are employed. MDPI 2020-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7564317/ /pubmed/32957583 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091431 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vielba-Fernández, Alejandra
Polonio, Álvaro
Ruiz-Jiménez, Laura
de Vicente, Antonio
Pérez-García, Alejandro
Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores
Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
title Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
title_full Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
title_fullStr Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
title_full_unstemmed Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
title_short Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi
title_sort fungicide resistance in powdery mildew fungi
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091431
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