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Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review

Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Howe...

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Autores principales: Farooq, Ujala, Teuwen, Julie, Dransfeld, Clemens
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847125
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091908
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author Farooq, Ujala
Teuwen, Julie
Dransfeld, Clemens
author_facet Farooq, Ujala
Teuwen, Julie
Dransfeld, Clemens
author_sort Farooq, Ujala
collection PubMed
description Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications.
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spelling pubmed-75646122020-10-27 Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review Farooq, Ujala Teuwen, Julie Dransfeld, Clemens Polymers (Basel) Review Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications. MDPI 2020-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7564612/ /pubmed/32847125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091908 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Farooq, Ujala
Teuwen, Julie
Dransfeld, Clemens
Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review
title Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review
title_full Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review
title_fullStr Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review
title_full_unstemmed Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review
title_short Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review
title_sort toughening of epoxy systems with interpenetrating polymer network (ipn): a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847125
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091908
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