Allergic Inflammation Alters microRNA Expression Profile in Adipose Tissue in the Rat

Adipose tissue is a major source of circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) that are modulators of the immune response in various types of tissues and organs, including airways. Still, no evidence exists if allergic airway inflammation may affect fat tissue inflammation via alterations in the miRNA expression profile. Therefore, we investigated the miRNA expression profile in the adipose tissue upon induced allergic inflammation in the airways in the rat. Brown Norway rats were chronically sensitized to house dust mite extract for seven weeks. Body composition was performed using MiniSpec Plus. The eosinophil count and the total IgE level were determined to confirm the induction of allergic inflammation. MiRNA expression profiling was done using the next-generation sequencing with validation by qPCR. We found that allergic airway inflammation significantly increased fat in adipose tissue, glucose concentration, and the gene expression of adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory peptides (leptin, TNFα). In miRNA-seq analysis, we showed significant differences in the expression of 36 mature miRNAs, three precursors, and two miRNA families in adipose tissue of allergic rats. Two miRNAs—miRNA-151-5p and miRNA-423-3p—showed significantly increased expression in qPCR in adipose tissue and lungs of sensitized animals. Allergic airway inflammation affects fat tissue and alters miRNA expression profile in adipose tissue in the rat.