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Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Lorenzo, Joseph
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932615
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086
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author Lorenzo, Joseph
author_facet Lorenzo, Joseph
author_sort Lorenzo, Joseph
collection PubMed
description Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the skeleton and in the incidence of skeletal diseases is well described. In general, females, at any given age, have a lower bone mass than males. The reasons for the differences in the bone mass of the skeleton between women and men at various ages, and the incidence of certain metabolic bone diseases, are multitude, and include the actions of sex steroids, genetics, age, environment and behavior. All of these influence the rate that osteoclasts form, resorb and die, and frequently produce different effects in females and males. Hence, a variety of factors are responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton and the activity of osteoclasts in bone. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about these factors and their effects on osteoclasts.
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spelling pubmed-75649332020-10-26 Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts Lorenzo, Joseph Cells Review Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the skeleton and in the incidence of skeletal diseases is well described. In general, females, at any given age, have a lower bone mass than males. The reasons for the differences in the bone mass of the skeleton between women and men at various ages, and the incidence of certain metabolic bone diseases, are multitude, and include the actions of sex steroids, genetics, age, environment and behavior. All of these influence the rate that osteoclasts form, resorb and die, and frequently produce different effects in females and males. Hence, a variety of factors are responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton and the activity of osteoclasts in bone. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about these factors and their effects on osteoclasts. MDPI 2020-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7564933/ /pubmed/32932615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Lorenzo, Joseph
Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
title Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
title_full Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
title_fullStr Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
title_full_unstemmed Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
title_short Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts
title_sort sexual dimorphism in osteoclasts
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932615
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086
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