Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America †
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) population outbreaks occur frequently and consume damaging amounts of livestock forage and crops on millions of hectares of the western USA. The main method of controlling grasshopper outbreaks there consists of aerially applied spray with chemica...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7565557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32846940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090566 |
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author | Dakhel, Wahid H. Jaronski, Stefan T. Schell, Scott |
author_facet | Dakhel, Wahid H. Jaronski, Stefan T. Schell, Scott |
author_sort | Dakhel, Wahid H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) population outbreaks occur frequently and consume damaging amounts of livestock forage and crops on millions of hectares of the western USA. The main method of controlling grasshopper outbreaks there consists of aerially applied spray with chemical insecticides. Although it is relatively cheap, fast, and efficient, broad spectrum insecticides can pose a threat serious risks to human health, and non-target organism populations which impacts the environment. As an alternative, the use biological control organisms more specific to pest grasshoppers is a less environmentally hazardous alternative to traditional, synthetic insecticides. This paper reviews the many different (viral, bacterial, fungal) insect pathogens and application methods that have been tested as alternatives to synthetic insecticide sprays to manage pest grasshopper populations. ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) frequently inflict damage on millions of hectares of western rangelands and crops. The main method of controlling grasshopper outbreaks consists of covering their infestations with chemical insecticides. Although it is relatively cheap, fast, and efficient, chemical control bears serious risks to human health, non-target organisms, and the environment. To overcome this challenge, biological control is a less environmentally hazardous alternative to traditional, synthetic insecticides. This paper reviews strategies that could be used as effective ways to control such pests with a special focus on effective bait formulations that might provide a key model in developing biological control strategies for the grasshopper population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7565557 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75655572020-10-26 Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † Dakhel, Wahid H. Jaronski, Stefan T. Schell, Scott Insects Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) population outbreaks occur frequently and consume damaging amounts of livestock forage and crops on millions of hectares of the western USA. The main method of controlling grasshopper outbreaks there consists of aerially applied spray with chemical insecticides. Although it is relatively cheap, fast, and efficient, broad spectrum insecticides can pose a threat serious risks to human health, and non-target organism populations which impacts the environment. As an alternative, the use biological control organisms more specific to pest grasshoppers is a less environmentally hazardous alternative to traditional, synthetic insecticides. This paper reviews the many different (viral, bacterial, fungal) insect pathogens and application methods that have been tested as alternatives to synthetic insecticide sprays to manage pest grasshopper populations. ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) frequently inflict damage on millions of hectares of western rangelands and crops. The main method of controlling grasshopper outbreaks consists of covering their infestations with chemical insecticides. Although it is relatively cheap, fast, and efficient, chemical control bears serious risks to human health, non-target organisms, and the environment. To overcome this challenge, biological control is a less environmentally hazardous alternative to traditional, synthetic insecticides. This paper reviews strategies that could be used as effective ways to control such pests with a special focus on effective bait formulations that might provide a key model in developing biological control strategies for the grasshopper population. MDPI 2020-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7565557/ /pubmed/32846940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090566 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dakhel, Wahid H. Jaronski, Stefan T. Schell, Scott Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † |
title | Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † |
title_full | Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † |
title_fullStr | Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † |
title_full_unstemmed | Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † |
title_short | Control of Pest Grasshoppers in North America † |
title_sort | control of pest grasshoppers in north america † |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7565557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32846940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090566 |
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