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On Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Removal: What We Know Thus Far and Why So Little

Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were discovered only 16 years ago, they have already taken us from heaven to hell as we learned that apart from beneficial trapping of pathogens, they cause, or contribute to, numerous disorders. The latter is connected to their persistent presence in t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Santocki, Michal, Kolaczkowska, Elzbieta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7565917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932841
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092079
Descripción
Sumario:Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were discovered only 16 years ago, they have already taken us from heaven to hell as we learned that apart from beneficial trapping of pathogens, they cause, or contribute to, numerous disorders. The latter is connected to their persistent presence in the blood or tissue, and we hardly know how they are removed in mild pathophysiological conditions and why their removal is impaired in multiple severe pathological conditions. Herein, we bring together all data available up till now on how NETs are cleared—from engaged cells, their phenotypes, to involved enzymes and molecules. Moreover, we hypothesize on why NET removal is challenged in multiple disorders and propose further directions for studies on NET removal as well as possible therapeutic strategies to have them cleared.