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Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder

Illicit use of Sudan dyes, a group of harmful and carcinogenic azo dyes, in the food industry has taken a surge in various parts of the world, especially in Africa. Their use in food as additives pose a dire health risk to consumers and have been banned by various food regulatory bodies worldwide. T...

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Autores principales: Adjei, Joseph Kweku, Ahormegah, Vigil, Boateng, Alex Kissi, Megbenu, Harry Kwaku, Owusu, Samuel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33088976
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05243
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author Adjei, Joseph Kweku
Ahormegah, Vigil
Boateng, Alex Kissi
Megbenu, Harry Kwaku
Owusu, Samuel
author_facet Adjei, Joseph Kweku
Ahormegah, Vigil
Boateng, Alex Kissi
Megbenu, Harry Kwaku
Owusu, Samuel
author_sort Adjei, Joseph Kweku
collection PubMed
description Illicit use of Sudan dyes, a group of harmful and carcinogenic azo dyes, in the food industry has taken a surge in various parts of the world, especially in Africa. Their use in food as additives pose a dire health risk to consumers and have been banned by various food regulatory bodies worldwide. To help increase surveillance, various methods have been proposed for their analysis in literature. This study also sought to experiment and propose an alternative method for quick, easy, cheap, robust and ecologically safe analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder and similar matrices. The optimized method used a 6.0 mL mixture of acetone:acetonitrile (1:5 v/v) solvent in a modified QuEChERs method for extraction of Sudan dyes I-IV. The simultaneous analysis of the dyes were achieved on Shimadzu prominence UFLC 20AD coupled with SPD 20AX UV detector operated at dual wavelength of 500 and 480 nm. A total of twenty four (24) chilli pepper powder samples from eight different vendors on the Ghana market were analysed using the optimized method. Quantitation of analytes were done using the external standard calibration method with determination coefficient, R(2) > 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method were 0.02–0.04 mg/kg and 0.05–0.13 mg/kg respectively. A good recovery range between 85.3 – 121.2% were obtained for a spike level of 1.0 mg/kg in real samples. ANOVA analysis at 95% CL showed statistically no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the recoveries between samples and also between the individual compounds. The method experimented and proposed in this study is fast, easy, cheap, robust and ecologically safe, presenting an alternative method for routine analysis for increased rate of surveillance against the illicit use of Sudan dyes as food additives.
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spelling pubmed-75661012020-10-20 Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder Adjei, Joseph Kweku Ahormegah, Vigil Boateng, Alex Kissi Megbenu, Harry Kwaku Owusu, Samuel Heliyon Research Article Illicit use of Sudan dyes, a group of harmful and carcinogenic azo dyes, in the food industry has taken a surge in various parts of the world, especially in Africa. Their use in food as additives pose a dire health risk to consumers and have been banned by various food regulatory bodies worldwide. To help increase surveillance, various methods have been proposed for their analysis in literature. This study also sought to experiment and propose an alternative method for quick, easy, cheap, robust and ecologically safe analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder and similar matrices. The optimized method used a 6.0 mL mixture of acetone:acetonitrile (1:5 v/v) solvent in a modified QuEChERs method for extraction of Sudan dyes I-IV. The simultaneous analysis of the dyes were achieved on Shimadzu prominence UFLC 20AD coupled with SPD 20AX UV detector operated at dual wavelength of 500 and 480 nm. A total of twenty four (24) chilli pepper powder samples from eight different vendors on the Ghana market were analysed using the optimized method. Quantitation of analytes were done using the external standard calibration method with determination coefficient, R(2) > 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method were 0.02–0.04 mg/kg and 0.05–0.13 mg/kg respectively. A good recovery range between 85.3 – 121.2% were obtained for a spike level of 1.0 mg/kg in real samples. ANOVA analysis at 95% CL showed statistically no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the recoveries between samples and also between the individual compounds. The method experimented and proposed in this study is fast, easy, cheap, robust and ecologically safe, presenting an alternative method for routine analysis for increased rate of surveillance against the illicit use of Sudan dyes as food additives. Elsevier 2020-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7566101/ /pubmed/33088976 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05243 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Adjei, Joseph Kweku
Ahormegah, Vigil
Boateng, Alex Kissi
Megbenu, Harry Kwaku
Owusu, Samuel
Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
title Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
title_full Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
title_fullStr Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
title_full_unstemmed Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
title_short Fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of Sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
title_sort fast, easy, cheap, robust and safe method of analysis of sudan dyes in chilli pepper powder
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33088976
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05243
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