Factors predicting final visual outcome in quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy

To investigate factors reflecting visual outcome and macular perfusion in quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). We included 118 patients with quiescent PDR who had completed PRP. All participants had standardized interview to determine ocular history, smoking status, cardiovascular risk factors, and history of diabetic mellitus (DM). Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, retinal vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. VD was negatively correlated with hypertension, diabetic foot, HbA1c, and time after PRP (β = − 0.181, P = 0.046; β = − 0.231, P = 0.020; β = − 0.244, P = 0.010; β = − 0.278, P = 0.029). FAZ area of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was positively correlated with DM duration and diabetic foot (β = 0.178, P = 0.047; β = 0.293, P = 0.002; β = 0.252, P = 0.045; β = 0.304, P = 0.002). Macular perfusion state in patients with quiescent PDR was associated with diabetic foot, DM duration, HbA1c, and time after PRP. Of note, diabetic foot showed the strongest correlation with macular perfusion among various systemic factors. VLD, especially in DCP was associated with poor visual outcome.