Role of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in the Management of Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Review of Literature

Recurrent pregnancy loss remains a significant challenge in gynecological practice, accounting for about 2%-4% of pregnancies. In some patients, the etiology is unknown. Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) refers to the spontaneous loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies without an identifiable risk factor, accounting for about 40%-50% of pregnancy losses. The review aims to understand the role of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of URPL. Articles for this review have been found in the PubMed database, and studies published more than ten years before the review excluded. The articles were reviewed to determine the effect of LMWH on live birth rates, reduced late pregnancy complications, and adverse drug reactions following its use. Many studies show improved live birth rates in women treated with LMWH compared to the control, while some studies show no improvement. There was no statistically significant difference in reducing late pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labor, and low birth weight, in either study and control groups. Adverse drug reaction was rare among women treated with LMWH and, if present, was mild and self-limiting, thus making it a safe therapy. More studies, preferably large multicenter randomized controlled trials, need to be conducted on the use of LMWH to establish a consensus guideline on the treatment of URPL.