From chaos to order: the life history of Hannaea inaequidentata (Lagerstedt) Genkal and Kharitonov (Bacillariophyta), from initial cells to vegetative cells

This study presents observations on three species of Hannaea and documents and illustrates the life history of H. inaequidentata. We have divided the life history of H. inaequidentata into the following four series of successive stages: auxospore, initial cell, pre-normal vegetative cell, and normal vegetative cell. The initial cell has a cylinder-like and a frequently twisted outline, a longitudinal perizonium wholly covering the valve surface, and a disc-shaped incunabular scale, but lacks any transverse perizonium bands. The pre-normal vegetative cell cannot form ribbon-like colonies, has a wide variety of irregular outlines and is composed of two cell types: one with its epivalve composed of either the initial epivalve or the initial hypovalve, its hypovalve being newly formed, the other with both its epivalve and hypovalve newly formed. The normal vegetative cell has a regular outline and exhibits a significant length reduction so that the largest valve is at least four times longer than the smallest. From initial cell to normal vegetative cell, the developmental sequence goes from ‘chaos to order’ as happens in many phenomena in the universe. The lack of transverse perizonium bands may be the cause of the initial ‘chaos’ process during its developing period from the initial cell to the normal vegetative cell. The development of frustule/valve shape, central area, sternum, virga, vimine, rimoportula and ocellulimbus etc. during the life circle is summarised. In the genus Hannaea, some taxa lack the strongly buttressed central area as in H. inaequidentata, which also has almost parallel valve margins.