Recent fall Eurasian cooling linked to North Pacific sea surface temperatures and a strengthening Siberian high

Winter Eurasian cooling after the mid-1990s has been verified by numerous studies, although in recent decades, the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have been rapidly warming globally. Because the cooling is not uniform at different spatial and temporal scales, over time, this change may not truly reflect the nature of climate fluctuations. Here, by using three types of data (reanalysis, weather station, and remote sensing image data) to assess variations in Eurasian seasonal cooling, we examine the causes of these changes. During a 30-year climatology (1989–2018), we show that a significant (P < 0.05) abrupt change in the autumn Eurasian air temperature trend occurred in 2003. Our results suggest that from 2004–2018, the autumn Eurasian temperature reveals a significant cooling trend (P < 0.05). We demonstrate that the autumn cooling in Eurasia is likely influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Siberian high (SH). Since 2004, the strengthening of the PDO and SH explains approximately 54% and 18% of the autumn cooling in Eurasia, respectively. We also find that the cooling in autumn is stronger than that in winter.