Network analysis of autistic disease comorbidities in Chinese children based on ICD-10 codes

BACKGROUND: Autism is a lifelong disability associated with several comorbidities that confound diagnosis and treatment. A better understanding of these comorbidities would facilitate diagnosis and improve treatments. Our aim was to improve the detection of comorbid diseases associated with autism. METHODS: We used an FP-growth algorithm to retrospectively infer disease associations using 1488 patients with autism treated at the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. The disease network was established using Cytoscape 3.7. The rules were internally validated by 10-fold cross-validation. All rules were further verified using the Columbia Open Health Data (COHD) and by literature search. RESULTS: We found 148 comorbid diseases including intellectual disability, developmental speech disorder, and epilepsy. The network comprised of 76 nodes and 178 directed links. 158 links were confirmed by literature search and 105 links were validated by COHD. Furthermore, we identified 14 links not previously reported. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that the FP-growth algorithm can detect comorbid disease patterns, including novel ones, in patients with autism.