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A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats
BACKGROUND: Methods for the non-invasive quantification of changes in bladder wall thickness as potential predictors of radiation cystitis in pre-clinical research would be desirable. The use of ultrasound for this aim seems promising, but is still relatively unexplored. A method using ultrasound fo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7568412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069240 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13014-020-01684-3 |
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author | Spinelli, Antonello E. Bresolin, Andrea Zuppone, Stefania Perani, Laura Fallara, Giuseppe Di Muzio, Nadia Vago, Riccardo Fiorino, Claudio Cozzarini, Cesare |
author_facet | Spinelli, Antonello E. Bresolin, Andrea Zuppone, Stefania Perani, Laura Fallara, Giuseppe Di Muzio, Nadia Vago, Riccardo Fiorino, Claudio Cozzarini, Cesare |
author_sort | Spinelli, Antonello E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Methods for the non-invasive quantification of changes in bladder wall thickness as potential predictors of radiation cystitis in pre-clinical research would be desirable. The use of ultrasound for this aim seems promising, but is still relatively unexplored. A method using ultrasound for bladder wall thickness quantification in rats was developed and applied to measure early radiation-induced bladder wall thickness changes. METHODS: Two groups (n = 9 each) of female Fischer rats were treated with a single radiation dose of 25–30 and 35–40 Gy respectively, using an image-guided micro-irradiator; six untreated rats were monitored as a control group. Empty, half-filled and fully-filled bladder volumes were determined for four non-irradiated rats by measuring axes from ultrasound 3D-images and applying the ellipsoid formula. Mean bladder wall thickness was estimated for both ventral and dorsal bladder sides through the measurement of the bladder wall area along a segment of 4 mm in the central sagittal scan, in order to minimize operator-dependence on the measurement position. Ultrasound acquisitions of all fully-filled rat bladders were also acquired immediately before, and 4 and 28 days after irradiation. Mean bladder wall thickness normalized to the baseline value and corrected for filling were then used to evaluate acute bladder wall thickening and to quantify the dose–effect. RESULTS: The relationship between mean bladder wall thickness and volume in unirradiated rats showed that for a bladder volume > 1.5 mL the bladder wall thickness is almost constant and equal to 0.30 mm with variations within ± 15%. The average ratios between post and pre irradiation showed a dose–effect relationship. Bladder wall thickening was observed for the 25–30 Gy and 35–40 Gy groups in 2/9 (22%) and 5/9 (56%) cases at day 4 and in 4/9 (44%) and 8/9 (89%) cases at day 28, respectively. The two groups showed significantly different bladder wall thickness both relative to the control group (p < 0.0001) and between them (p = 0.022). The bladder wall thickness increment was on average 1.32 ± 0.41, and was 1.30 ± 0.21 after 25–30 Gy and 1.47 ± 0.29 and 1.90 ± 0.83 after 35–40 Gy at days 4 and 28 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of using ultrasound on a preclinical rat model to detect bladder wall thickness changes after bladder irradiation was demonstrated, and a clear dose–effect relationship was quantified. Although preliminary, these results are promising in addressing the potential role of this non-invasive approach in quantifying radiation cystitis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7568412 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75684122020-10-20 A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats Spinelli, Antonello E. Bresolin, Andrea Zuppone, Stefania Perani, Laura Fallara, Giuseppe Di Muzio, Nadia Vago, Riccardo Fiorino, Claudio Cozzarini, Cesare Radiat Oncol Research BACKGROUND: Methods for the non-invasive quantification of changes in bladder wall thickness as potential predictors of radiation cystitis in pre-clinical research would be desirable. The use of ultrasound for this aim seems promising, but is still relatively unexplored. A method using ultrasound for bladder wall thickness quantification in rats was developed and applied to measure early radiation-induced bladder wall thickness changes. METHODS: Two groups (n = 9 each) of female Fischer rats were treated with a single radiation dose of 25–30 and 35–40 Gy respectively, using an image-guided micro-irradiator; six untreated rats were monitored as a control group. Empty, half-filled and fully-filled bladder volumes were determined for four non-irradiated rats by measuring axes from ultrasound 3D-images and applying the ellipsoid formula. Mean bladder wall thickness was estimated for both ventral and dorsal bladder sides through the measurement of the bladder wall area along a segment of 4 mm in the central sagittal scan, in order to minimize operator-dependence on the measurement position. Ultrasound acquisitions of all fully-filled rat bladders were also acquired immediately before, and 4 and 28 days after irradiation. Mean bladder wall thickness normalized to the baseline value and corrected for filling were then used to evaluate acute bladder wall thickening and to quantify the dose–effect. RESULTS: The relationship between mean bladder wall thickness and volume in unirradiated rats showed that for a bladder volume > 1.5 mL the bladder wall thickness is almost constant and equal to 0.30 mm with variations within ± 15%. The average ratios between post and pre irradiation showed a dose–effect relationship. Bladder wall thickening was observed for the 25–30 Gy and 35–40 Gy groups in 2/9 (22%) and 5/9 (56%) cases at day 4 and in 4/9 (44%) and 8/9 (89%) cases at day 28, respectively. The two groups showed significantly different bladder wall thickness both relative to the control group (p < 0.0001) and between them (p = 0.022). The bladder wall thickness increment was on average 1.32 ± 0.41, and was 1.30 ± 0.21 after 25–30 Gy and 1.47 ± 0.29 and 1.90 ± 0.83 after 35–40 Gy at days 4 and 28 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of using ultrasound on a preclinical rat model to detect bladder wall thickness changes after bladder irradiation was demonstrated, and a clear dose–effect relationship was quantified. Although preliminary, these results are promising in addressing the potential role of this non-invasive approach in quantifying radiation cystitis. BioMed Central 2020-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7568412/ /pubmed/33069240 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13014-020-01684-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Spinelli, Antonello E. Bresolin, Andrea Zuppone, Stefania Perani, Laura Fallara, Giuseppe Di Muzio, Nadia Vago, Riccardo Fiorino, Claudio Cozzarini, Cesare A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
title | A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
title_full | A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
title_fullStr | A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
title_full_unstemmed | A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
title_short | A non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
title_sort | non-invasive ultrasound imaging method to measure acute radiation-induced bladder wall thickening in rats |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7568412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069240 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13014-020-01684-3 |
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