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Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya

Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions. Methods:...

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Autores principales: Adema, Irene Wangwa, Kamau, Everlyn, Uchi Nyiro, Joyce, Otieno, Grieven P., Lewa, Clement, Munywoki, Patrick K., Nokes, D. James
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000 Research Limited 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102784
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15703.2
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author Adema, Irene Wangwa
Kamau, Everlyn
Uchi Nyiro, Joyce
Otieno, Grieven P.
Lewa, Clement
Munywoki, Patrick K.
Nokes, D. James
author_facet Adema, Irene Wangwa
Kamau, Everlyn
Uchi Nyiro, Joyce
Otieno, Grieven P.
Lewa, Clement
Munywoki, Patrick K.
Nokes, D. James
author_sort Adema, Irene Wangwa
collection PubMed
description Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions. Methods: We conducted a one-year (term-time) surveillance of respiratory viruses in a rural primary school in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya between May 2017 and April 2018. A sample of 60 students with symptoms of ARI were targeted for nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collection weekly.  Swabs were screened for 15 respiratory virus targets using real time PCR diagnostics. Data from respiratory virus surveillance at the local primary healthcare facility was used for comparison. Results: Overall, 469 students aged 2-19 years were followed up for 220 days. A total of 1726 samples were collected from 325 symptomatic students; median age of 7 years (IQR 5-11). At least one virus target was detected in 384 (22%) of the samples with a frequency of 288 (16.7%) for rhinovirus, 47 (2.7%) parainfluenza virus, 35 (2.0%) coronavirus, 15 (0.9%) adenovirus, 11 (0.6%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 5 (0.3%) influenza virus.  The proportion of virus positive samples was higher among lower grades compared to upper grades (25.9% vs 17.5% respectively; χ (2) = 17.2, P -value <0.001). Individual virus target frequencies did not differ by age, sex, grade, school term or class size. Rhinovirus was predominant in both the school and outpatient setting. Conclusion: Multiple respiratory viruses circulated in this rural school population.  Rhinovirus was dominant in both the school and outpatient setting and RSV was of notably low frequency in the school. The role of school children in transmitting viruses to the household setting is still unclear and further studies linking molecular data to contact patterns between the school children and their households are required.
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spelling pubmed-75694852020-10-23 Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya Adema, Irene Wangwa Kamau, Everlyn Uchi Nyiro, Joyce Otieno, Grieven P. Lewa, Clement Munywoki, Patrick K. Nokes, D. James Wellcome Open Res Research Article Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions. Methods: We conducted a one-year (term-time) surveillance of respiratory viruses in a rural primary school in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya between May 2017 and April 2018. A sample of 60 students with symptoms of ARI were targeted for nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collection weekly.  Swabs were screened for 15 respiratory virus targets using real time PCR diagnostics. Data from respiratory virus surveillance at the local primary healthcare facility was used for comparison. Results: Overall, 469 students aged 2-19 years were followed up for 220 days. A total of 1726 samples were collected from 325 symptomatic students; median age of 7 years (IQR 5-11). At least one virus target was detected in 384 (22%) of the samples with a frequency of 288 (16.7%) for rhinovirus, 47 (2.7%) parainfluenza virus, 35 (2.0%) coronavirus, 15 (0.9%) adenovirus, 11 (0.6%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 5 (0.3%) influenza virus.  The proportion of virus positive samples was higher among lower grades compared to upper grades (25.9% vs 17.5% respectively; χ (2) = 17.2, P -value <0.001). Individual virus target frequencies did not differ by age, sex, grade, school term or class size. Rhinovirus was predominant in both the school and outpatient setting. Conclusion: Multiple respiratory viruses circulated in this rural school population.  Rhinovirus was dominant in both the school and outpatient setting and RSV was of notably low frequency in the school. The role of school children in transmitting viruses to the household setting is still unclear and further studies linking molecular data to contact patterns between the school children and their households are required. F1000 Research Limited 2020-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7569485/ /pubmed/33102784 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15703.2 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Adema IW et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Adema, Irene Wangwa
Kamau, Everlyn
Uchi Nyiro, Joyce
Otieno, Grieven P.
Lewa, Clement
Munywoki, Patrick K.
Nokes, D. James
Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
title Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
title_full Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
title_fullStr Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
title_short Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
title_sort surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal kenya
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102784
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15703.2
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